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定语从句拓展 |
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帮助学生拓展定语从句的相关知识，学习定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法。
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教学重点 |
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帮助学生掌握定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法。
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教学安排 |
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1 |
词汇复习 |
30分钟 |
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2 |
专题复习 |
55分钟 |
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3 |
其他题型训练 |
30分钟 |
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4 |
师生总结 |
5分钟 |
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5 |
课后作业 |
30分钟 |
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1. popular ['pɔpjʊlə] adj. 流行的，通俗的；受欢迎的；大众的；普及的 |
Baseball is more popular than any other sport in Japan. 在日本，棒球比其他任何运动都受人欢迎。
• be popular with /among 受……欢迎
The reporter is popular with his audience. 这个报告者很受听众的欢迎。
• popularity [ˌpɔpju'lærəti] n. 普及；流行；名望
Golf has gained popularity among the wealthy in my country.
高尔夫球已在我国富有的人中流行起来。
• popularize ['pɔpjələraiz] vt. 普及；使流行；使通俗化
We should popularize science on a large scale. 我们应该大规模普及科学。
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2. practice ['præktis] n. 练习；实行；习惯；业务 v. 练习；实践；开业；执业 |
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
• practice medicine 行医
No doctor was born with the knowledge of how to practice medicine.
没有医生天生知道如何行医。
• put...into practice 实施
We must put our plans into practice.我们必须将计划付诸实行。
• common practice 惯例
It is common practice in the US to tip the waiter. 在美国给服务生小费是很普遍的现象。
• out of practice 久不练习，荒疏
I used to be good at cricket, but now I'm out of practice. 我板球曾打得很好，可惜现在已生疏了。
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3. prefer [pri'fə: ] v. 更喜欢；宁愿 |
Most people prefer buying to sewing. 大多数人宁愿买现成的衣服而不自己缝制了。
• prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do... than do 更愿意做……而不是
I prefer to read rather than do nothing. 我宁愿看书也不愿无所事事。
• preference ['pref(ə)r(ə)ns] n. 偏爱，倾向；优先权
I have a preference for serious novels to popular fictions. 我喜欢读严肃小说胜于通俗小说。
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4. present ['prez(ə)nt] vt. 提出；介绍；呈现；赠送 adj. 现在的；出席的，在场的 n. 现在；礼物；瞄准 |
What I should do at present is learn English well. 我目前应该做的事情是学好英语。
Please accept it as a present. 请把它作为一件礼物收下。
This is what I present you in this article. 这正是我在本文中呈现给你的。
He is quite content with his present fortune. 他对自己目前的境遇颇为得意。
His words moved everyone present. 他的话使在场的人都受到感动。
• at present 目前，现在
This shop at present is doing business at June 23. 这家商店现定于6月23日开始营业。
• for the present 暂时，目前
Cheap goods have a ready sale and price remain firm for the present.
廉价商品的销路相当好，而且目前价格稳定。
• presentation [prez(ə)n'teiʃ(ə)n] n. 展示；描述，陈述；介绍；赠送
Can you use PPT to let students make a presentation? 你会让学生用PPT做一个课前演讲吗？
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5. primary ['praim(ə)ri] adj. 主要的；初级的；基本的 |
Now primary school students all like me. 现在小学生们都很喜欢我。
Our company has targeted career women as our primary customers.
我们公司将职业妇女作为主要客源。
• elementary [eli'ment(ə)ri] adj. 基本的；初级的
He is ignorant of even the most elementary facts. 他连最基本的事实都不知道。
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6. private ['praivət] adj. 私人的；私有的；私下的 |
She acts as a private secretary to him. 她担任他的私人秘书。
• in private 私下地；秘密地
You should not interfere in private affairs. 你不该干涉私事。
• personal, private, individual
personal ['pə: sənl] 意为“个人的，私人的，亲自的”，着重强调属于或涉及本人，而非他人所能代表或代替的事物。
According to etiquette in western countries, it's good manners to avoid making personal remarks.
按照西方礼仪，避免发表涉及个人的评论是礼貌的。
private 意为“个人的，私有的”，表示与公共的或公有的相反，也含有不愿或不应公之于众的意思。
In the United States, the rich tend to send their children to private schools regardless of their expensive tuition. 在美国富人们愿意让孩子上私立学校，不论其费用有多昂贵。
individual [ˌindi'vidʒuəl] 意为“个体的，个人的”，区别于集体，整体或普通，明确指某类单一的，个别的人物，常用作定语。
Some people claim that the individual rights are more important than the public interests as a whole.
有些人声称个人利益比公众利益更重要。
• privacy ['praivəsi] n. 隐私；秘密；隐居
One of the main concerns is privacy and security. 最主要的担心之一是隐私和安全。
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7. process ['prəʊses] vt. 处理；加工 n. 过程，进行；方法，步骤；作用；程序 |
Supermarkets sell many vegetables that have been processed.
超级市场出售许多已经加工过的蔬菜。
The information is being processed. 信息正在处理中。
Reforming the education system will be a difficult process. 改革教育制度将是一个艰难的过程。
They are using a new process to make glass. 他们正在用一种新方法制造玻璃。
• word processing [计] 文字处理
• in process 过程中的；在进行中
The project is not finished but is till in process. 该项工程尚未结束，仍在进行之中。
• unprocessed [ʌn'prəusest] adj. 未被加工的
The new model remains unprocessed. 新模型保持未处理状态。
• procession [prə'seʃ(ə)n] n. 队伍，行列
Traffic was completely held up by the procession. 游行队伍把路口全都叉住了。
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8. progress ['prəʊgres] n. 进步，发展；前进 vi. 前进，进步；进行 |
She is eager to make progress in her work. 她在工作中锐意进取。
The work hasn't progressed very far. 工作没有多大的进展。
• advance, progress, proceed, move on 前进，行进，进展
advance主要用于具体的人或物，也可指科学技术和运动等。
The officer directed them to advance. 指挥官命令他们前进。
progress指按某一既定目标前进，取得发展，目的性很明确，强调经常和稳定地前进。
proceed [prə'si: d] vi. 侧重指继续前进。
Please proceed with your report. 请继续作你的报告吧。
move on 非正式用语，侧重从某一停止点向某地前进，但不表示前进的目的地。
Now let's move on to the next item. 让我们讨论一下吧。
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9. promise ['prɔmis] n./v. 许诺，允诺；预示，有前途 |
I promise never to reveal his secret. 我答应决不泄漏他的秘密。
If you make a promise you should keep it. 如果做出承诺你就该去遵守。
A timely snow promises a good harvest. 瑞雪兆丰年。
• make/keep/break a promise 许下/遵守/违背诺言
• promising ['prɔmisiŋ] adj. 有希望的，有前途的
The newspapers described her as a promising young singer. 报纸上将她称为大有前途的青年歌手。
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10. pronounce [prə'naʊns] v. 发音；宣判；断言 |
How do you pronounce this word? 这个单词怎么发音?
The doctors pronounced that he was no longer in danger. 医生宣称他已脱离危险。
• pronunciation [prəˌnʌnsi'eiʃ(ə)n] n. 发音；读法
Can you give me some advice on my pronunciation?
• claim [kleim] vt. 要求；声称；需要；认领
Every citizen may claim the protection of the law. 每个公民都可以要求受到法律的保护。
They claimed to have discovered a new planet. 他们宣称发现了一颗新的行星。
Does anyone claim this luggage? 有人认领这件行李吗?
Ⅱ. Exercises
(I) Choose the right answers.
1. When introduced to our school, the new study methods _______ all the students.
A. are popular with B. are pleased with C. are in addition to D. are patient with
2. She promised to ______ at the meeting but she didn't _______.
A. turn up; keep her word B. present; keep her promise C. attend; turn up D. appear; keep her words
3. They entered their child at a _______ school for better education.
A. personal B. private C. separate D. individual
4. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B.riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
5. My suggestion is that the plan ____ into practice.
A. is put B. be put C. put D. will be put
【难度】☆
【Keys】1-5 AABCB
(Ⅱ) 按要求完成句子。
A. 用动词的适当形式填空。
1.Bill preferred ________ (play) soccer rather than swim.
2.He preferred renting a car to _______ (have) one of his own.
3.She preferred ________(make) clothes rather than buy in the shops.
4. They promise ________(send) us the design in a week.
5. She promised that she ________(make) up for the loss.
6. I promise that this matter ________ (take) care of next week.
7. He practices ________ (play) the violin regularly.
【Keys】
to play 2.having 3.to make 4.to send 5.would make 6.will be taken 7.playing
B. 用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. The comedian enjoyed great ________ (popular) during the 30's.
2. This experiment has high demands for ________ (process) water.
3. ________ (private) is considered important in Britain.
4. A polar bear has a ________ (prefer) for cold weather.
5. We make our money ________ (primary) from advertisements for products.
6. He learns ________ (pronounce) by imitating the teacher.
7. We're trying to bring along some ________ (promise) young football players.
【Keys】
popularity 2.processed 3.privacy 4.preference 5.primarily 6.pronunciation 7.promising
C. 用practice, present, process, promise和 pronounce的适当形式完成句子，并译成中文。
1. The doctor ________ that the man was dead.
2. It is a common ________ for some countries, such as Canada, to support dual languages of English and French.
3. The story ________ to be a long-running series.
4. Your film will be ________ the day after tomorrow.
5. He will be ________ at the meeting in person.
【难度】☆☆
【Keys】1.pronounced 宣告 2.practice惯例 3.promised预示，有希望 4.processed冲洗 5.present在场的，出席的
(Ⅲ) Translation.
1. Mick is the last man to break his word.
2. Eat more whole, natural, unprocessed foods like these: fruits and vegetables.
3. It's difficult to popularize distance education at present though it has a lot of advantages.
4. They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
5. He is very pleased with the progress we are making.
【难度】☆☆
【Keys】
1. 迈克绝不是不守承诺的人。
2. 多吃一些完整、自然、未经加工的食物，比如：水果和蔬菜。
3. 尽管远程教育有很多的优势，但现在很难去推广。
4. 他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。
5. 他对我们工作的进展很满意。
1. 尽可能的多看书，你的作文会有进步的。(and)
2. 你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(apologize)
3. 你应该一诺千金，否则你会被当做是不可靠的人。(promise n.)
4. 这款手机样式新颖、携带方面，深受年轻人的欢迎。( popular)
5. 应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。( apply)
【难度】☆☆☆
【Keys】
1. Try to read as many books as possible, and you can make progress in your composition.
2. You should apologize to the people present for what you have just done.
3. You should keep your promise, otherwise you will be regarded as an unreliable person.
4. The mobile phone is fashionable/modern in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with the young.
5. Students should be encouraged/We should encourage students to apply what they have learned in class to practice .
定语从句
一、基本概念：
定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?
That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
关系词的用法：
(一)关系代词的用法:
知识点回顾：
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关系代词 |
指代对象 |
从句成分 |
例句 |
备注： which及that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略，但介词提前时不能用that，whom, which不可省 |
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who |
人 |
主语 |
Do you know the cook who is working? |
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whom |
人 |
宾语 |
The girl(whom)I met is so beautiful. |
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that |
人，物 |
主语 宾语 |
The bag that lies on the ground is hers. This is the place that I visited last year. |
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which |
物 |
主语 宾语 |
This is a book which tells about China. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. |
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whose |
人，物 |
定语 |
The room whose door is red is mine. |
自测：
1. The boy ________ English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race.
2. You can borrow any book ________ you want to read in our school library.
3.My glasses without ________ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
4. He is the only one for ________ I have my most respect.
5. Anyone ________ is against us is our enemy.
【Keys】
whose 2.that 3.which 4.whom 5.who
知识点拓展：
1.作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：
①He is no longer the man that he used to be.
②This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
2. 主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
1)It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday .我们昨天要找的是同一个人。
2) Such girls as he knows are good at English .他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。
3) She will marry as healthy a man as she can find .她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。
4) He has so difficult a problem as none of us can solve .他有如此难的一个问题，我们没有人能解决。
比较：
a. such...as 与 such...that的区别
such...as 引导定语从句；such...that引导结果状语从句。
①They talked in such simple English as children could understand.
他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。
②They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.
他们用十分简单的英语交谈，连孩子们都能听懂。
b. the same...as与the same...that的区别
the same...as指两物相似，the same...that描述的是同一物。
①This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. 这个书包和我昨天丢失的(书包)相似。(相似物)
②This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. 这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一物)
3. 当way做先行词，并在定语从句中做状语时，关系词用that或in which或省略。如：
I like the way (in which / that) the teacher gives his lessons. 我喜欢老师讲课的方式。
自测：
1. I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
2. That is the same man ______ asked me for money yesterday.
A. as B. that C. which D. whom
3. Keep away from such things _______ will do you harm.
A. as B. that C. which D. to which
4. He spoke for such a long time _______ people began to fall asleep.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
5. The modern aeroplane is not the machine _______ it was when first invented.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
6. I was impressed by the way _______ she did it.
A. which B. how C. in which D. what
【Keys】1-6 ABABBC
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
（1）. “介词+关系代词”结构
1)“介词+ which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。如：
①I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
②The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。
③This is the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 这就是他为什么被关起来的原因。
2)“介词+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒装。如：
①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。
②I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看见一个人，他的头上有一只鸟。
3)“不定代词或数词+ of + which(指物)/whom(指人)”在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。如：
①China has a lot of islands, one of which is Taiwan. 中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是台湾岛。
②There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. 这里有许多学生，他们之中无人喜欢这部电影。
4)“介词+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语。如：
Could you tell me for whom you've bought this coat? 你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？
5)“名词+ of which”代替“whose +名词”在关系分句中作定语。如：
I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black with disease. 我看见一些树，它们的叶子因害病而发黑。
（2）.介词的正确选择
1. 根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。如：
①This is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class. (speak of“谈论”)
②The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair. (feel proud of“感到自豪”)
2. 根据前面的名词的搭配关系选择。如：
①I'll never forget the day on which I first met him. (表示具体的某一天，介词用on)
②The boy pointed to the direction in which he would run. (“朝……方向”，介词用in)
3. 有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。如：
The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.
自测：
1. The Second World War_______millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. that B. which C. during that D. in which
2. Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. that C. about which D. where
3. Before joining the army, he spent a lot of time in the village _______ he belonged.
A. to which B. which C. to where D. at which
4. I met Mary again, _______ I had spoken about something important.
A. who B. to whom C. whose D. of whom
5. He has two sons, _______ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom
【Keys】1-5 DCABB
关系副词的用法：
1. when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。
I'll never forget the day when I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：
Each time he came, he did his best to help us.
But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.
2. where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。
This is the town where I was born. 这就是我出生的城市。
3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。
We don't know the reason why he didn't show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1. 三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
2.当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that， 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：
I'll never forget the days when we spent our summer holiday together last summer.
I'll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.
自测：
1.I shall forget those days ______ I lived in the country with the farmers.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
2.Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Australia?
A. that B. when C. during which D. on which
3.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
4.The reason ______ I write to you is that I want to tell you about my new friend Henry.
A. because B. why C. for D. as
5.Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his absence?
A. that B. why C. at which D. what
【Keys】1-5 BADBA
语法填空
单选
1. Lucy has many positive personality features _______ make her popular at school.
A. where B. what C. that D. so that
2. Our math teacher set such a hard test problem _______ none of us could work out the other day.
A. that B. as C. what D. so
The famous scientist grew up _______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
4.She still remembers the days _______ they spent the holiday together on the beach last year.
A. when B. which C. on Which D. with which
5. Robert is the person _______ will succeed in finding the unknown elements.
A. who B. whom C. of whom D. by whom
6. The couple _______ photo I took at the party were very pleased with it.
A. whose B. who C. which D. what
7. I still remember the day _______ I first came to the college.
A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which
8. Gun control is a subject_______ Americans have argued for a long time .
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
9. The old man took the policemen back to the same place _______ he had witnessed the robbery.
A. that B. where C. as D. when
10. The reason _______ he failed the driving test was that he didn't spend enough time practicing driving.
A. that B. because C. what D. why
【难度】☆
【Keys】1-10 CBBAA ADCBD
改错：
1. This is the factory where we visited last week.
2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.
3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
4. The house which we live is very small.
5. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
6. The reason which he didn't go to school is that he was ill.
7. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
8. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard.
9. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.
10. We're going to visit the school where your brother works there.
【难度】☆
【Keys】
1. where→that/which或去掉where。
2. 把for放在looking之后。英语中有些短语动词，介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如：look
after, run into等。
3. who→whom。尽管在口语中who, whom都能作宾语，但在介词后只能用whom。
4. which→where。
5. who→that。如果先行词既指人又指物时,常用that引导定语从句。
6. which→why/which前加for或去掉which。
7. wants→want
8. his→whose。
9. them→whom或both前加and。
10. 去掉there。
3.填空：
1. The man about _______ you told me the other day turned out to be a thief.
2. I have finished reading all the books ______ were borrowed from the school library.
3. I have bought three ballpoint pens, none of ________ writes smoothly.
4. Don't do such things ______ you are not sure about.
5. I cannot forget the time _______ I stayed in the country with those farmers.
6. Lu Xun, _______ real name is Zhou Shuren, wrote lots of novels and essays.
7.Can you think of another example _______ this phrase can be used?
8.This is the store ______ my father runs.
9.The train on ________ he is traveling is late.
10. Do you still remember the happy days _______ we spent together in Beijing?
11. The famous basketballer, ______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
12.There are many people ________ only online activity is sending and receiving email.
13.We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.
14.We'll discuss a number of cases______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
15.This is the very factory ______ they visited last summer holiday.
【难度】☆☆
【Keys】
whom 2. that 3. which 4. as 5. when 6.whose 7. where 8.that/which 9. which 10. that/which11.who 12.whose 13.wen 14.where 15.that
4.合并句子。
例：He always buys some books. He has never read them.
He always buys some books (which/ that) he has never read.
1. Workers built shelters for the survivors. Their homes had been destroyed.
2. The reason was that he missed his train. For that reason he was late.
3. She’ll never forget her stay there. She found her lost son during her stay.
4. I bought the same dress. You wore the dress yesterday.
5. This is the most exciting moment. I will never forget it.
6. The story happened in 1840. The Opium War broke out that year.
7. There are different forms of energy. Most of them come from the sun.
8. She'll never forget the day. That day she joined the League.
9. There were dirty marks on her trousers. She had wiped her hand.
10. The film brought the hours back to me. I was taken good care of then in that village.
【难度】☆☆
【Keys】
1. Workers built shelters for the survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
2. The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.
3. She’ll never forget her stay there during which she found her lost son.
4. I bought the same dress as you wore yesterday.
5. This is the most exciting moment that I will never forget.
6. The story happened in 1840 when the Opium War broke out.
7. There are different forms of energy, most of whom come from the sun.
8. She'll never forget the day when she joined the League.
9. There were dirty marks on her trousers where she had wiped her hand.
10. The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that village.
5. 语法填空：
The creator of the World Wide Web
Most people have never heard of Tim Berners-Lee. He is not nearly as rich or famous Marc Andreessen, ____1____as cofounder of Netscape, or Bill Gates, ____2____ name has become a household word.
Berners-lee, ____3____ works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the creator of the World Wide Web. The creation of the Web is so important that some people compare Berners-lee to Johann Gutenberg, ____4____invented printing by moveable type in the fifteenth century.
Berners-Lee was born in England in 1955. His parents, ____5____helped design the world’s first commercially available computer, gave him a great love of mathematics and learning.
In 1980, Berners-Lee went to work at CERN, a physics laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland, ____6____ he had a lot of material to learn quickly. He had a poor memory for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of things____7____ he couldn’t remember. He devised a software program ____8____ allowed him to create a document ____9____had links to other documents. He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s. He wanted to find a way to connect the knowledge and creativity of people all over the world.
In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web. The number of Internet users started to grow quickly. However, Berners-Lee is not completely happy with the way ____10____the Web has developed. He thinks it has become a passive tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity ____11____ he had imagined. In 1999, Berners-Lee published a book ____12____ is called Weaving the Web, 13________ ________ he answers questions he is often asked, “What were you thinking when you invented the Web?” “What do you think of it now?” “Where is the Web going to take us in the future?”
【难度】☆☆☆
【Keys】
1.who 2.whose 3.who 4.who 5.who 6.where 7.that/which 8.that/which 9.that/which 10.that/in which 11.that/which 12.that/which 13.in which
6. 翻译
1. 长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。(draw)
2. 人人都愿意和乐于助人，有幽默感的人交朋友。(sense)
3. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。(whose)
4. 这些相片让我想起了那些艰苦的日子，那时我们买不起电视。( when )
5. 格林先生本周日要去拜访一位朋友，此人精通理财之道。(who)
6. 他的儿子喜欢上学，因为学校生活丰富多彩。(why)
7. 昨天我把那台不能用的洗衣机退还给了出售它的商店。(where)
8. 我最终以合理的价格买到了那台心仪已久的电脑。(manage)
9. 演出以一段人们耳熟能详的音乐开始。(familiar)
10. 健康生活的关键是保持平衡，有了这种平衡我们才能在生活中更快乐。(with which)
【难度】☆☆☆
【Keys】
1. The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
2. Everyone is ready to make friends with those who are ready to help others and have a sense of humor.
3. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
4. These photos remind of the hard days when we couldn’t afford TV sets.
5. Mr. Green is going to visit/ see a friend this Sunday, who knows a lot about money matters.
6. The reason why his son is happy at / loves/likes to go to /school is that the school life is colorful.
7. Yesterday I returned the useless washing machine to the shop where it was sold /I bought it.
8. (At last,) I managed to buy the computer I’d been looking forward to / I’d been dreaming of for a long time at a reasonable price.
9.The performance began with a piece of music which was familiar to people.
10. A key to a healthy life is to keep balance, with which we can be happier in our life.
课堂小结
定语从句关系代词与关系副词辨析
1.先分清主句和定语从句，找出定语从句所修饰的名词/代词(即先行词)。
2.将先行词代入定语从句中，分析从句成分，再确定关系代词还是关系副词。
1)如果定语从句和该先行词可以直接相连，且在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语的话，则用关系代词。
This is the city (which/that) you visited last year.
2)如果定语从句和该先行词无法直接相连，必须另外多加上介词，并在定语从句中充当状语时，则使用关系副词。
This is the city where you stayed last year.
I. 阅读
(A)
The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. is one of the official cultural centers of America. For the past thirty years, the center has presented awards honoring artists for their lifetime of work.
Brian Wilson
“Good Vibrations” and the other songs Brian Wilson wrote for The Beach Boys remain as fresh and energizing today as they were forty years ago. Wilson started the band with his two brothers, a cousin and a friend in the early nineteen sixties. The Beach Boys made a new kind of American rock music popular. Brian Wilson not only wrote The Beach Boys’ songs. He also sang, played the bass guitar and keyboard, and produced the band’s records.
Steve Martin
He is a popular writer, actor and comedian. He is also a skilled banjo (五弦琴) player. Martin first started his career writing for funny television shows like “The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour.” In the nineteen seventies he began performing his funny jokes and acts on the weekly television program “Saturday Night Live.”
Martin Scorsese
Many people consider him one of the greatest living American film directors. Scorsese is best known for his movies about characters linked to crime and violence. Many of his movies are about Italian-American characters. Scorsese also brought to life periods from the American past in movies like “Gangs of New York” and “The Age of Innocence.” His latest movie, “The Departed,” won four Academy Awards last year, including best director and best movie. The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. is one of the official cultural centers of America. For the past thirty years, the center has presented awards honoring artists for their lifetime of work.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about Brian Wilson?
A. He was a good film producer.
B. He could play all musical instruments.
C. He was considered the best director ever.
D. He was devoted to American rock music.
2. “The Age of Innocence” is ________.
A. a movie about the past America B. a TV show about children
C. the name of a music album D. a movie about Italian-American
3. The three artists mentioned in the passage are all __________.
A. talented actors B. famous musicians
C. remarkable performers D. Academy Award winners
【Keys】DAC
(B)
Many people believe sharks, are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even kill humans, In fact, 94 percent of the world's 400 species are harmless to humans.
A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium in Baltimore, US, proves this. Visitor can touch young sharks, see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank.
Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don't happen very often. Humans are more likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark.
And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children. There, kids can learn, from an early age, not to fear sharks. They can watch them develop inside their eggs and feel the skin of the older swimmers.
"People fear what they don't know," said Nancy Hotchkiss, an organizer of the exhibition, which runs until December. "Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play an important role in the ocean's food chain. We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection."
A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans.
A study, published in January. in the US magazine, Science, found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past eight to fifteen years.
Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods, such as shark fin soup. And many others get caught in nets, while fishermen are hunting other fish. More than half of all sharks are smaller than I meter long.
"Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean," said Dave Schofield, the manager of the aquariums ocean health programme. "The fishermen throw them away like rubbish.
It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in prate to protect these special fish.
1. The main purpose of the shark exhibition is to ________.
A. show how sharks are born and develop in the ocean
B. let people know more about sharks and protect them
C. let children learn not to fear sharks from an early age
D. show how shark species have fallen in the past few years
2. In the last paragraph but one, the underlined word “them” refers to ________.
A. small sharks B. fishing boats C. fishing nets D. fishing methods
3. What does Dave Schofield mean by saying “some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean”?
A. Large sharks cannot be caught by some fishing methods.
B. Only small sharks can be caught by some fishing methods.
C. The ocean is being made cleaner by some fishing methods.
D. Too many sharks are being killed by some fishing methods.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer is ________.
A. surprised to know sharks always hurt people
B. happy to know sharks are harmless to people
C. worried about the present situation of shark species
D. pleased to know the ocean is becoming much cleaner
【Keys】BADC
Ⅱ. 翻译
1. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy)
2. 早睡早起有益于健康。(do good to)
3. 我希望尽快收到你的照片。( hope)
4. 据报道这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。 (It)
5. 我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。( as…as)
6. 请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。( or)
7. 虽然并不富裕，但是他对自己的生活相当满意. (Although)
8. 越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。(aware)
9. 你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。(once)
10.我们对他的不辞而别感到很惊讶。( without)
【Keys】
1. We enjoyed ourselves very much on this New Year's Day.
2. Going to bed early and getting up early does good to your health.
3. I hope (that) I can l receive your photo(s) as soon as possible.= I hope to receive your photo(s) as soon as possible.
4. It is reported that the wild plant is rich in / contains / has a lot of vitamins.
5. I think your suggestion is as valuable as theirs.
6. Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible, or you’ll miss the good chance.
7. Although he is not rich, he is quite/ fairly satisfied with his life / himself.
8. More and more people are aware that it is important to obey the traffic regulations/rules.
9. Once you form/get into a bad habit, it’s very difficult to get rid of /get out of it.
10. We were greatly surprised that he has left without saying goodbye.
本次课学习了定语从句特殊关系代词及关系副词的用法，重点在于如何在各综合题型中识别定语从句，并准确地使用关系词，以及翻译中定语从句的处理与阅读中定语从句的理解。
Homework
1. 复习讲义相关知识点讲解；
2. 背诵相关的词汇和句型，下次上课前十分钟默写；
3. 完成家庭作业。
I. 选择
1. We should learn from those ______ are always ready to help others.
A. who B. whom C. they D. that
2. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _____ in China.
A.works B. is working C. are working D. has been working
3. Tom is the only one of the students who ______ to Shanghai.
A.have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone
4. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _____she would stay for an hour.
A. where B. who C. which D. what
5. Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black.
A. which B. its C. whose D. which of
6. The radio set _____ last week has been out of order.
A. I bought B. I bought it C. which I bought it D. what I bought
7. Tomorrow is a public holiday, _____our child should get close to nature.
A. where B. which C. as D. when
8. This is the museum ______ we saw an exhibition the other day.
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
9. This museum is ______ you visited the other day.
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
10. Can you solve such problems ______ raised by the audience?
A. what were B. as were C. that were D. which were
11. The reason ______ he didn’t come was _____ he was injured.
A. that, because B. why, that C. why, because D. that, that
12. He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of ______ had not been cleaned for years.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
13. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
14. This is one of the means ______ the electric energy is conducted from one place to another.
A. by which B. by that C. through which D. through that
15. The place ______ you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.
A. in which B. at which C. where D. which
【Keys】1-15 ACCAC ADCDB BDDAD
Ⅱ. 语法填空单句练习
1. Hong Kong has many information centers ______ tourists can learn about the city’s history.
2. No matter how well your computer works when you get it. The time will come______it will need to be replaced.
3. Darwin, ______ On the Origin of Species probably ranks second only to the Bible, had great impact on Western thought.
4. The reason ______ he referred to for his success is ______ he is always working hard.
5. I still remember the day ______ ______ I first came to the college.
6.A new eight-kilometer road is under construction______ links the port area with motorway system.
7. The World Expo 2010 is being held at a time______the world is looking for a new kind of balance between nature and cities.
8. You can use a larger plastic bottle, ______ top is cut off, with its top as a pot to grow flowers in.
9. Life is like a long race______we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
10. I still remember the suspension bridge to ______ ______ we paid a visit three years ago.
11. Luckily, we’d brought a road map ______ ______ we would have lost our way.
12. We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.
13. He was very angry and I can still remember the way ______ he spoke to me.
14. I can think of many cases _______ students knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
15. I met the teacher in the street yesterday ______ taught me English three years ago.
【Keys】
1.where 2.when 3.whose 4.that, that 5. on which 6.that 7.when 8.whose 9.where10. to which 11. without which 12.when 13.that 14.where 15. who
Ⅲ.翻译
1. 你能告诉我你热衷于网络游戏的原因吗？(crazy)
2. 我们最好不要与言而无信的人打交道。(fail)
3. 他曾经就读的那个小城镇现在已成了一个优美的旅游胜地。(in which)
4. 缺乏足够睡眠的人容易生气，也很难控制感情。(difficulty)
5. 总而言之，收入和年龄是决定人们如何度假的二个重要因素。(determine)
【Keys】
1. Can you tell me the reason why you are so crazy about online games?
2. We’d better not make friends with those who always fail to keep their promises.
3. The small town in which he studied is now a wonderful place for tourists.
4. People who don’t get enough sleep become angry easily and have difficulty (in) controlling their emotions/feelings.
5. Generally speaking, income and age are two important factors that determine the way people spend their holidays.
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