U9
必会词组
1. fun n. 有趣的事
e. g. They had lots of fun in the park today. 他们今天在游乐场玩得很高兴。
Reading is fun. 读书是一大乐趣。
[记忆链接] funny adj. 有趣的，可笑的，例如：
Tom told a funny story just now. 刚才汤姆讲了一个有趣的故事。
That's the funniest thing I have ever heard. 这是我听到的最可笑的事。
[常见词组] just for fun取乐，当笑话 make fun of sb/sth嘲笑某人／某事；拿某人／某事取乐
have fun玩得愉快，相当于have a good time和enjoy oneself。
for fun当作玩笑 good fun有趣的人／事物
great fun有趣的人／事物 What fun!多么有趣！
2. cola
n. 可乐
e. g. Mum, I'm thirsty. Please give me some cola. 妈妈，我渴了。请给我一些可乐。
Kitty doesn't like cola because it's too sweet. 凯蒂不喜欢可乐因为可乐太甜。
[友情提示] 通常情况下，Coke和7-UP都是不可数名词，但我们也会常常见到a Coke，a 7-UP的表述，它们分别代表“一听可乐”和“一听七喜”。
3. spicy
adj. 辛辣的
e. g. My mother doesn’t like spicy food. 我妈妈不喜欢辛辣的食物。
The fish soup is very spicy. 鱼汤非常辣。
4. nut n坚果
e. g. May I have some nuts? 我可以吃一些坚果吗？
The chocolate with nuts is very delicious. 有果仁的巧克力非常好吃。
[记忆链接] peanut n. 花生米 walnut n. 核桃 chestnut n. 栗子 Brazilnut n. 巴西果 hazelnut n. 榛子
5. lemon
(l)n. 柠檬
e. g. Ann doesn't like lemon, because it's sour. 安不喜欢吃柠檬，因为它很酸。
(2)adj. 柠檬黄、淡黄色
e. g. Mary wears a lemon dress today．玛丽今天穿了一件柠檬色的连衣裙。
My father gave me a lemon bike as birthday present.爸爸送给我一辆淡黄色的自行车作为生日礼物。
[常见词组] lemon curd柠檬酪 lemon sole檬鲽（鱼的一种，可食用）
lemon tree拧檬树 lemon squeezer柠檬榨汁机
6. snack
n. (正餐以外的)小吃，点心，零食
e. g. I only had time for a quick snack. 我只有吃点点心的时间。
Usually I only have a snack at lunchtime. 我中午通常吃点心。
v. 吃小吃
e. g. I prefer to snack when I’m travelling. 当我旅行时我喜欢吃小吃。
I snacked a lot when I was in Beijing. 我在北京时吃了许多小吃。
7. shall
modal v. 表示提出或征求意见
e. g. What shall we do this evening? 今天晚上我们做什么？
Shall we begin our lesson? 我们可以开始上课了吗？
8. salty
adj. 咸的
e. g. Why is the soup so salty? 为什么这汤这么咸？
You'd better eat a little salty food. 你最好吃一点咸的食物。
[记忆链接] salt n. 盐
e. g. You put too much salt in the soup. 你往汤里放了太乡盐。
Is salt white or black? 盐是白色的还是黑色的？
9. chilli
n. 辣椒
e. g How many chillies did you put in the curry? 你在咖喱食品中放了多少辣椒？
Where is the chilli?辣椒在哪里？
[常见词组] chilli powder辣椒粉
[友情提示] 在英式英语中拼作chilli，美式英语中拼作chili。
[复数形式] chillies
10. sour
adj. 酸的，酸味的
e. g. The fruit was too sour to eat. 这水果太酸了，几乎不能吃。
If you leave milk in the sun, it goes sour quickly.如果把牛奶放在阳光下，它会很快变酸。
11. bitter
adj. 苦的
e. g. Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. 不加糖的咖啡在嘴里留下了一些苦味。
The fish tastes a little bitter. 鱼尝起来有点苦。
[记忆链接] bitterly adv. 苦苦地；惨痛地，例如：
She wept bitterly. 她哭得很伤心。
He is bitterly opposed to nuclear weapons. 他强烈地反对核武器。
12. tasty
adj. 美味的，可口的，好吃的
e. g. The soup is very tasty. 这个汤味道很好。
I like ice creams, because they are tasty. 我喜欢冰淇淋，因为它们很可口。
[近义词] delicious adj. 美味的
[记忆链接] taste v. 品尝，尝……的味道 n. 味道；味觉
[辨析]tasty和tasteful
tasty意为“美味的”，例如：
That is a tasty dish. 那是一种美味菜肴。
tasteful意为“有审美鉴赏力的”，例如：
She is tasteful decorator. 她是一位有审美力的装饰家。
13. delicious
adj. (1)美味可口的
e. g. Taste a delicious cake. 尝一尝这美味可口的蛋糕。
This wine is delicious. 这酒真是美味。
(2)美妙的，极为宜人的
e. g. I've got some delicious stories. 我有一些很棒的故事。
[记忆链接] deliciously 副词
(1)美味地，例如：
a deliciously garlicky potato cake 一个有着可口蒜味的土豆蛋糕
(2)令人愉悦地，例如：
As she dived into the pool, the water felt deliciously cool on her skin.当她跃人池中，肌肤感到又凉又爽快。
deliciousness n. 美味
[辨析] delicious和tasty
delicious意为“美味可口的”，tasty意为“美味的”，后者比前者更常用，更强调美味食品带来的极大乐趣。
14. spread v. 铺开，敷，涂
e. g. Spread the apple jam on top of the bread. 将苹果酱均匀地抹在面包上。
The bird spread its wings. 那只鸟张开了翅膀。
The little boy spread the map out on the floor. 小男孩在地板上摊开地图。
15. prepare v. 使做好准备；把……预备好
e. g. I have no time to prepare a meal.我没有时间准备饭菜了。
You should prepare everything for picnic. 你应该为野餐准备好一切。
She was prepared for anything to happen. 她已准备好应付一切。
[记忆链接] preparation n. 准备；预备，例如：
You can’t pass an exam without preparation. 不准备考试就不及格。
They make a preparation for a picnic. 他们为野餐做准备。
16. enough
adj. 足够的，充足的
e. g. Are you wearing enough clothes? 你穿了足够多的衣服吗？
Have you got enough money? 你带够钱了吗？
adv. 足够地，充分地
e. g. If you put on your coat, you will be warm enough.如果你穿上外套的话你就足够暖和了。
He ran fast enough to get to school on time. 他跑得快得足以按时到学校。
[友情提示] enough修饰名词时，放在名词前，且既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。修饰形容词或副词时，enough紧跟在所修饰的动词、形容词或副词后。例如：
There's food enough on the table.
=There's enough food on the table. 桌子上的食物足够吃了。
I think six bottles of wine will be enough. 我认为六瓶葡萄酒就够了。
You don’t practise enough at the piano. 你钢琴弹奏练习还不够。
She isn’t good enough for the exam. 她功课不够好，考不及格。
She plays well enough for a beginner. 对于初学者来说，她弹得很好。
练习：
I Choose the right word to complete the sentence. (选出正确的词完成句子。)
1 Let's go to the bakery to (bring, buy, sell) some bread.
2 (How many, How much, How expensive) do we need altogether?
3 What should we get ready (at, in, for) the picnic?
4 I'm thirsty. I'd like to buy some (spicy sausages, ice cream, distilled water(蒸馏水))
5 It's a (rainy, windy, cloudy) day. There is no (wind, sun, snow). Let's go to play football.
【Keys】1 buy 2 How much 3 for 4 distilled water 5 cloudy, sun
Ⅱ Rearrange the letters in the brackets to form proper words. (用括号内的字母组成正确的单词，填在空格内。)
1 I like steamed crabs because they are (seiicdolu).
2 This salad (eattss) nice.
3 I usually share (pssirc) with my good friends.
4 Look at the (lemoneatrw). It's so big.
5 Would you like to have a (eecarbbu) with us?
【Keys】1 delicious 2 tastes 3 crisps 4 watermelon 5 barbecue
必会词组
1. plan v. 计划 ，打算 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 plan—planning, plan… for plan a picnic, have a picnic, go for a picnic plan n. 计划 e.g. What is your holiday plan?
2. fun n. 趣事 /U/ -- funny adj. .=interesting有趣的, 滑稽的 Picnics are fun.
**What fun it is to do sth.! What great fun it is!
3. sweets n. 糖果 ; sweet adj. 甜的
4. salt n. /U/ -- salty adj. spice n. – spicy adj. health n. – healthy adj.
sun—sunny, cloud—cloudy, rain—rainy, fun—funny
taste v. – tasty adj.= delicious / nice=yummy bake---baked boil---boiled
fry---fried steam---steamed . chilli n. -- chillies (pl.)
5.感官系动词taste smell sound look feel +形容词。e.g. taste nice with jam 蘸果酱尝起来美味
6. buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. e.g. buy some food and drink for the picnic为野餐买一些食物和饮料
7.give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
8.bring sth. to sb. = bring sb. sth.
9.borrow sth. from sb. = borrow sb. sth.
10.lend sth to sb. = lend sb. sth.
11.Let‟s buy some jam to spread on the bread.让我们买些果酱，把它涂在面包上。to 在这里表目的，用途。
spread v. 抹，传播 – spread--spread spread butter on the bread 涂抹黄油在面包上
12.Have they got enough money? enough两个重要用法：
①enough +n. 表示“足够多的” enough money enough food , enough time,
②adj./ adv. + enough enough修饰形容词和副词要后置
e.g. old enough well enough warm enough
13.prepare v. -- preparation n. prepare for sth.=get/be ready for sth. 为某物做准备
14.a lot of = lots of+ /U/ or /C/
**There is a lot of rain in Shanghai.(否定) à
There is not much rain in Shanghai.
必会知识点
1. Let's have a picnic tomorrow. 我们明天去野餐吧。
Let’s意为“让我们”，往往放在句首，引导表示“提议”或“建议”的祈使句。例如：
Let’s visit City Park! 我们去城市公园玩吧！
Let's buy some sweets! 我们买些糖果吧！
[辨析]let's与let us
先看下面两个句子：
Let’s go out to play!让我们出去玩吧！
Let us go out to play, Mum!妈妈，（你）让我们出去玩吧！
前一句是向周围的人提出一个建议，而后一句是请求别人让自己去做某事。因此let's表“建议”，let us表“请求”。
have a picnic意为“去野餐”，相当于go to a picnic去野餐 例如：
We will have a picnic in the park tomorrow.
=We will go to a picnic in the park tomorrow. 明天我们去公园野餐。
2. Let's buy some bread and a bottle of jam. 让我们买些面包和一瓶果酱。
这里的“bread”和“jam”都为不可数名词，不可数名词一般不可以直接被基数词修饰，因此在表达这样的不可数名词的量时可以用some、much、a little、little、a lot of、plenty of等修饰语与不可数名词连用，如：
much water许多水 a lot of money很多钱 little beef少量的牛肉等；又可以用容器来表不：a…of，例如：
a cup of coffee一杯咖啡 two pots of water两壶水 a pair of shoes一双鞋等。
3. Shall we buy some meat? 我们买点肉好吗？
我们是否能做某事，在意思上和Let’s…很相近。
Shall we…？用于提出建议。例如：
Shall we buy some spicy crisps? 我们买一些辣味薯片好吗？
Shall we have some roast duck? 我们买一些烤鸭好吗？
Shall we sing a song? =Let's sing a song. 我们唱一支歌好吗？我们一起唱歌吧。
如果同意对方的建议，常用OK. Yes或That’s a good idea. 来回答，例如：
-Shall we have some chicken wings? 我们买一些鸡翅好吗？
-OK. /Yes. I like chicken wings. 可以。／好的。我喜欢鸡翅。
-Shall we have a picnic tomorrow? 我们明天去野餐好吗？
-That's a good idea. 好主意。
4. May I have some chicken wings, please?请问我可以吃一些鸡翅吗？
May I…的句型常用于提出礼貌的请求。回答较为灵活，如果表示允许、同意，常用OK.／Sure.／Yes, you may. /All right.；当不同意、拒绝时，常用No, you may not.／Sorry. I’m afraid you can’t. 等。例加：
-May I have an apple? 我可以吃一个苹果吗？
-Sure. Here you are. 当然，给你。
-May I go to the park with Kitty? 我可以和凯蒂一起去公园吗？
-Sorry. I’m afraid you can't. 抱歉，我想你不能。
5. Why do you like apple juice? 你为什么喜欢苹果汁？
Why do you like…用来询问别人为什么喜欢某物，回答时用I like ...because…“我喜欢……因为……”，例如：
-Why do you like lemon tea? 你为什么喜欢柠檬茶？
-I like lemon tea because it’s tasty. 我喜欢柠檬茶因为它很好喝。
6. Have they got enough money? 他们有足够的钱吗？
Have/Has ...got…？用来询问某人是否有某物，当主语为第二人称you和第三人称复数they时用have，当主语为第三人称单数she、he、it时用has，当然主语也可直接为人名，例如：
Have Tom and John got bags? 汤姆和约翰有书包吗？
Has Mary got a cup of tea? 玛丽有茶吗？
enough 足够的，修饰形容词时要后置。例如：
enough money 足够的钱 enough room 足够的空间 good enough 足够好
7. How much money do they need from Mr Li? 他们需要从李先生那拿多少钱？
how much money…用来询问钱的多少，例如：
How much money do you need? 你需要多少钱？
How much money is the spicy sausages? 辣香肠多少钱？
need在这里为行为动词，后面接名词：need sth“需要某物”，当主语为第三人称单数时，一般现在时中的谓语need必须加“s”，例如：His sister needs some books．他的妹妹需要一些书。
当need为行为动词时，后面可以接不定式：need to do sth“需要做某事……”，例如：
They need to finish the work on time. 他们需要按时完成工作。
改为否定句时应该用助动词don’t，而不能直接在need后面加上not，例如：
The workers don’t need to go to work at weekends.工人们不必在周末去上班。
练习：
I. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1. Here the items the children want to buy.
A. is B. are C. be D. am
( ) 2. The boiled vegetables bad, I don't want to eat them.
A. tasty B. taste C. tastes D. tasting
( ) 3. There is meat left in the fridge. Let's go and buy some.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
( ) 4. I have some spicy sausages?
A. Should B. Must C. May D. Could
( ) 5. My classmates are for the School Music Festival.
A. make B. prepare C. making D. preparing
( )6. --Would you like some apple juice?
--______________.
A. Yes, I would B. Not at all C. No, I wouldn't D. Yes, please
( ) 7. Let's go to the park this afternoon, ______________?
A. shall I B. shall we C. will you D. won't you
( )8. Why not a picnic in the park this weekend?
A. to have B. have C. has D. having
【Keys】1-5 BBACD 6-8 DBB
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given words. (用所给单词的适当形式填空。)
|
go make have clean buy do |
1. We a picnic tomorrow afternoon.
2. Let's to the cinema with our parents.
3. Shall we the classroom after school?
4. Kitty and Alice want homework together.
5. I already a present for my mum.
6. Lily's mother needs a shopping list before she goes to the supermarket.
【Keys】1 will have 2 go 3 clean 4 to do 5 have ... bought 6 to make
Ⅲ. Rewrite the sentences as required.
1. I don't like Cola at all because it's too sweet. (对划线部分提问)
_____________ ____________ you like Cola?
2. I spend twenty yuan on this new bag.(对划线部分提问)
_____________ ____________ do you spend on this new bag?
3. Ben often has noodles and eggs for dinner. (改为一般疑问句)
Ben often noodles and eggs for dinner?
She'd like to buy a glass of milk. (同义句转换)
She_____________ _____________buy a glass of milk.
5. Let's go to the park together. (同义句转换)
_____________ _____________ going to the park together?
go to the park together?
go to the park together?
【Keys】1. Why don't 2. How much 3. Does; have 4. wants to
5. What/How about; Shall we; Why not
四、必会语法
情态动词
一、基本概念及特征
概念：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添感情色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等的动词。
特征： 不能单独作谓语，须和行为动词或系动词连用共同构成谓语；
无人称和数的变化（have to除外：has to/had to）；
后接动词原形（do/be）；
具有助动词作用（可用来构成否定句，疑问句及简明回答）
二、基本分类
只作情态动词的有：must, can (could), may (might)
可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need，dare
可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will (would), shall (should)
具有情态动词某些特征的有：have to, ought to，had better
三、用法详解
1、情态动词基本用法
1）can/could
表示能力，意为“能、会”。
Two eyes can see more than one.
Could the girl read she went to school?
⑵表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may。
You can go now.
Can I have a look at your new pen?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
⑶较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand?
注意：情态动词的过去式除了表示过去的时间这一用法外，更多时候表达一种比原形更为委婉客气的语气。尤其在出现在宾语从句主句中时，并不影响从句的时态。
练习：用 can 或could 填空.
I'm really hungry. I eat a horse!
It's so nice here. I stay here all day but I have to go.
"I can't find my bag. Have you seen it?" "No, but it_____________ be in the car."
Peter is a musician. He plays the violin and he____________ also play the piano.
The weather is nice now but it_____________change later.
keys: 1) could 2) could 3) could 4) can 5) could
2）may/might
⑴表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like.
He told me that I might smoke in the room.
May (Might) I ask for photo your baby?
⑵表示祝愿，常用于倒装结构中：
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
May all your dreams come true! 愿你梦想成真！
练习：选择最佳答案填空：
1) — I borrow your MP3?
— Sure. Here you are.
A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would
2) You go and ask Meimei. She know the answer.
A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may
3) I'm not sure if I'll be free then. I working that weekend.
A. must be B. should be C. may be D. can be
4) — I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum?
—Yes, you .
A. Must; can B. May; may C. Need; need D. May; need
5) Peter come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
【Keys】4. 1)A 2) D 3) C 4) B 5) B
3）must
⑴表示“必须”、“应当”。
We must love our country.我们要热爱祖国。
I musttake a day off tomorrow.我明天必须请一天假。
⑵ must的否定式（mustn’t）表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等，语气比较强烈。
You mustn’t speak loudly in the library.不许在图书馆大声喧哗。
We mustn’t waste our time.我们不应该浪费时间。
4）need
⑴作情态动词时，接动词原形。仅用于否定句和疑问句，否定直接加not（needn’t）
—Need we leave soon?
—Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)
You needn't have hurried.
(2)作实义动词时，接带to的不定式。否定和疑问借助助动词完成（如did you need？didn't need）
He needs to see a doctor.
They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)
5）shall
表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
Shall I get some tea?
Shall the boy wait outside?
What shall we do this evening?
6）will
⑴表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
I will do anything for you.
None is so blind as those who won’t see.
⑵表请求，用于疑问句。
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.
Won’t you drink some more coffee?
（2）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water.
The door won’t open.
7）would
⑴表意愿。
I said I would do anything for you.
⑵表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer?
Would you mind cleaning the window?
They wouldn’t have anything against it.
⑶表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
8）should
⑴表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.
You shouldn’t waste any time.
⑵表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
They should be home by now.
9）ought to
⑴表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
You oughtn’t to smoke so much.
⑵表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.
There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
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