U8
必会词汇
1. also adv. 也；还；同样 (放在句中)
e. g. You are 11 years . I am also the same age. 你11岁，我也是同岁。
【知识拓展】too 也，放在肯定句的句尾，逗号隔开; either 也 ，放在否定句句尾，并用都好隔开
2. kind n. 种类 a.和蔼的 宽容的
e. g. There are many kinds of fruit in the fruit shop .水果商店里有很多种类的水果。
Our English teacher is very kind. 我么你的英语老师很和蔼。
【知识拓展】all kinds of……各种种类，a kind of … 一种……
3. fry v. 油炸；油煎；油炒
e. g. They like to fry something to eat . 他们都喜欢炸东西吃。
【知识拓展】fried a. 油炸的
e.g. Children like fried food nowadays. 现在孩子都喜欢油炸食物。
4. frozen adj. 冷冻的，冰冻的
e.g. Frozen food are easy to keep for a long time. 冷冻食物容日保存很长时间。
【知识拓展】freezing weather 严寒的天气 frozen food
5. bake v. 烧烤
【知识拓展】baker n. 面包师；面包工人 ；bakery n. 面包店
e. g. They are baking in the park . 他们在公园里烧烤。
6. boil v. 煮沸
e. g. The water is boiling. 水在沸腾。
【知识拓展】boiling a.正在沸腾的；boiled a. 煮开了的
7. packet n. 包装
【知识拓展】a packet of ……一袋……
e. g. The father bought a packet of sweets for his daughter. 爸爸给他的女儿买了袋糖。
练习：
I. Choose the different word according to the sound (选出划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词)
1. A. packet B. bake C. cabbage D. hamburger
2. A. wing B. wind C. kind D. dinner
3. A. steam B. breakfast C. healthy D. head
4. A. frozen B. notice C. only D. often
5. A. menu B. section C. before D. center
II. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. (用所给单词的适当形式填空)
1. Mother has spent most of________ (she) time looking after me.
2. More meat and fewer vegetables make a (an) __________ (health) diet.
3. Mum needs to buy two bags of________ (tomato).
4. The family is celebrating their little daughter's________ (twelve) birthday.
5.________ (steam) fish is not only delicious but also good for us.
Keys: I. l. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5.C
II. l. her 2. unhealthy 3. tomatoes 4. twelfth 5. Steamed
二、必会词组
1. dinner menu 晚餐菜单
2. cabbage soup 卷心菜汤
3. chicken soup 鸡汤
4. fried cabbage 炒卷心菜
5. steamed prawns with garlic 蒜蓉蒸虾
6. steamed fish 清蒸鱼
7. fried eggs with bacon 熏肉炒蛋
8. fried chicken wings 炸鸡翅
9. boiled eggs 水煮蛋
10. baked potato 烤土豆
11. tomato and egg soup 番茄蛋汤
12. after dinner 晚餐后
13. What kind of… 什么种类的
14. need to do sth. 需要做某事
15. would like noodles for dinner 晚餐想吃面条
16. like seafood 喜欢海鲜
17. in the market 在市场
18. in the supermarket 在超市
19. at the fish stall 在鱼摊
20. in the fruit section 在水果部门
21. freeze v. 冰冻，结冰 frozen adj. 冰冻的 freezing adj. 极冷的
e.g. frozen food 冷冻食品 freezing weather 严寒的天气
22. like to eat dumplings 喜欢吃饺子
23. a packet of 一包/袋
24. two hamburgers 两个汉堡包
25. fruit salad 水果色拉
练习：
III. Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案)
1. You can find all the food that you like in our restaurant. Come here, and you'll enjoy________.
A. it B. them C. their D. its
2. The fried cabbage isn't________. Please put ________ in it.
A. enough salty; enough salt B. salty enough; enough salt
C. enough salty; salt enough D. salty enough; salt enough
We ________ milk today. There is a lot in the fridge.
A. needn't B. don't need C. needn't to D. don't need to
4. Mother ________ buy any milk today.
A. needs not B. doesn't need C. needn't to D. doesn't need to
5. What would you like ________ breakfast, bread or rice?
A. to B. with C. for D. at
IV. Rewrite the sentences as required. (按要求改写句子)
1. We can have some fruit after dinner. (划线部分提问)
_________ ________you have some fruit?
Let's have some steamed prawns with garlic for dinner, _________ ________? (改为反义疑问句）
3. We had some vegetable soup for lunch. (划线部分提问)
________ _________ _________ _________ ________ you ________ for lunch?
She has to go to the supermarket to buy some milk. (划线部分提问)
___________ __________ she __________ to go to the supermarket?
They'd like to have some fried eggs with bacon. (划线部分提问)
________________ _________________they like to have?
Keys:III. l. A 2.B 3.B 4. D 5. C
IV. 1. When can 2. Shall we 3. What kind of soup did, have 4. Why does, have 5. What would
三、必会知识点
1. What would you like for dinner, tonight? 今天晚饭你们想吃什么？
句中的would you like意为“你们想要……”当表达相同含义时我们也可以说成do you want。因此该句还可说成What do you want for dinner? would you like后可直接跟名词，也可用不定式to do。例如：
I’d like some fruit after dinner.我想饭后来点水果。
We'd like to be the friends of the Earth.我们想成为地球的朋友。
What would you like, chicken or a hamburger?
=What do you like, chicken or a hamburger? 你想吃什么，鸡肉还是汉堡包？
what do you like虽然在意思上和what would you like 一样，但是后者显得更为客气，也更常用。在回答这一问题时，可用句型I’d like…
e.g. ---What would you like, beef or pork? 你想吃什么，牛肉还是猪肉？
---I don't care for pork. I would like beef.我不喜欢吃猪肉，我想吃牛肉。
2. Would you like rice or noodles? 你想要米饭还是面条？
这是一种选择疑问句，用来询问对方的想法，回答时用I'd like to have…“我想要……”，例如：
---Would you like to have some coffee or some tea? 你想要喝咖啡还是茶？
---I’d like to have some coffee.我想要喝一些咖啡。
一般来说，在疑问句或者否定句中表示“一些”用any，但是在这里用some表示征求对方的意见并且希望得到肯定的回答。句中的or意为“和”，在否定句中替代and。 or还可以解释为“否则，或者”，表示选择
e.g. There is no air or water on the moon.月亮上既没有水也没有空气。
You had better go by taxi, or you will be late.你最好乘出租车去，否则要迟到了。
Would you like a cup of tea or coffee? 你想要杯茶还是咖啡？
3. I’d like steamed prawns with garlic.我想要吃蒜茸蒸虾。
句中的with是介词，如果菜肴名称中的配料为固态时，介词一般用with，例如：fried cabbage with pork猪肉炒卷心菜。如果菜肴名称中有酱料，介词一般用in。
with的几种用法：
(1)表示工具，媒介，例如：
He wrote the letter with a pencil.他用铅笔写那封信。
I dry my hand and face with a towel.我用毛巾擦干手和脸。
(2)表示具有，附有，例如：
I bought a house with a red roof.我买了一幢有红屋顶的房子。
Do you know the girl with red hair? 你认识那个红头发的女孩吗？
There is a beautiful park with a lake.那有一个带湖的美丽公园。
(3)表示带……在身上，例如：
I have no money with me.我没带钱。
Look, Mr. Li with a box is coming.看，李先生带着一个盒子过来了。
4. What kind of soup would you like? 你想喝哪种汤？
What kind of…？表示“哪一种”用于询问对方的意见，使其在有限的条目内作出选择，例如：
---What kind of soup would you like?你想要哪种汤？
---I'd like chicken soup. 我要鸡汤。
---What kind of storybook do you like? 你欢哪种故事书？
---I like science fiction. 我喜欢科幻小说。
5. It's my favourite. 这是我最喜欢的。
favourite 意为“最喜欢的人或物”，在美式英语中拼作favorite。例如：
This T-shirt is my favorite. 这件T恤衫是我最喜欢的。
favourite 指“最喜欢的人或物”是一个可数名词，在句中应有单复数。例如：
（误）These English novels are my favourite.
（正）These English novels are my favourites. 这些是我最喜欢的英文小说。
又如：
Miss Zhang is a favourite with her students.
=Miss Zhang is her students' favourite.张老师是最受学生喜爱的老师。
favourite也可为形容词意为“最喜欢的”，例如：
Red is one of my favourite colours.（favourite作形容词用）
=Red is one of my favourite.（favourite作名词用）红色是我最喜欢的颜色之一。
可能孩子受中文解释的干扰，学生很容易在favourite 前加个most, favourite本身意思就是“最喜欢的”前面不可以再加most。例如：
（误）This is my most favourite song. (正) This is my favourite song. 这是我最喜欢的一首歌。
6. OK, but we need to buy some food first.好吧，但是我们要先买食物。
need既是行为动词，又是情态动词。
当need作为情态动词，后面接动词原形，否定形式是needn't。
当need作为行为动词时，后面可以跟名词，也可以跟to do结构，这时其否定形式要用助动词。
例如：
He doesn't need any help.他不需要任何帮助。
I need to wash hands first.我要先洗洗手。
练习：
I. Write out the phrases according to the given meanings (根据所给词意写出词组)
1. 熏肉炒鸡蛋__________________________
2. 煮鸡蛋______________________________
3. 炸鸡腿 _____________________________
4. 清蒸鱼______________________________
5. 冰冻食品____________________________
6. 在蔬菜摊位__________________________
7. 在海鲜部门__________________________
8. 烤马铃薯____________________________
II. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用所给单词的适当形式填空）
1. A friend of_______ (they) has bought_______(they) a nice big cake.
2. The fried cabbage is too______ (salt) for us to eat.
3. Eating too much_______ (freeze) food is bad for our health.
4._______ (strawberry) in this season are the most delicious fruit.
5._______ (boil) water is healthier than other drinks.
III. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案)
1. A: Is there ______ milk in the refrigerator?
B: Yes, there is still _______ left.
A. some; a little B. some; a few C. any; few D. any; a little
2. A: Must I finish my homework now?
B: _______. You can watch TV for a while.
A. Yes, you must B. No, you needn't
C. Yes, you need D. No, you mustn't
3. The milk has gone sour. Throw _______ away.
A. it B. them C. their D. they
4. I am sure he will be back _______ an hour.
A. after B. in C. for D. to
5. It took _______ half an hour to finish _______ homework.
A. she; her B. her; hers C. her; her D. hers; her
IV. Rewrite the sentences as required (按要求改写句子)
1. The lady usually has an apple after dinner. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ ________ fruit ________ the lady usually have after dinner?
2. My daughter wants to have chicken soup tonight. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ your daughter want to have tonight?
3. Mum needs to buy some fresh seafood first. (改为否定句)
Mum ________ ________ to buy ________ fresh seafood first.
4. The fruit cost too much because it was winter. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ _the fruit cost too much?
5. I bought some salted fish at the seafood stall. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ you buy some salted fish?
Keys:
I. 1. fried eggs with bacon 2. boiled eggs 3. fried chicken wings 4. steamed fish
5. frozen food 6. at the vegetable stall 7. in the seafood section 8. baked potatoes
II. 1. theirs, them 2. salty 3. frozen 4. Strawberries 5. Boiled
III. l.D 2.B 3. A 4. B 5. C
IV. 1. What kind of, does 2. What kind of soup does 3. doesn't need, any 4. Why did 5. Where did
四、必会语法
一、过去分词不规则变化表
|
动词原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
|
be |
was |
been |
|
have/has |
had |
had |
|
do |
did |
done |
|
read |
read |
read |
|
write |
wrote |
written |
|
make |
made |
made |
|
take |
took |
taken |
|
see |
saw |
seen |
|
say |
said |
said |
|
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
|
buy |
bought |
bought |
|
give |
gave |
given |
|
eat |
ate |
eaten |
|
come |
came |
come |
|
go |
went |
gone |
二、现在完成时的用法
基本用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经），yet（还、已经），ever（曾经），never（从不）等连用。
◆ already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。
1）I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。
【分析】“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。
2）I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了衣服。
【分析】洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。
◆ yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。
1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？
—No，not yet．不，还没有。
2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet．
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）
◆ ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。
1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？
2）I haven't ever spoken to her．我未曾和她说过话。
◆ never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
I have never travelled by plane before．我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
三、现在完成时的构成
1. 肯定式：主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它
1） My parents and I have been to Century Park during the Mid-autumn Festival.
2） I've just read all the new words. 我刚读了所有的生词。 (表示不要再读了)
3） She has bought some new books. 她已经买了些新书。（表示之后会看）
4） We've just cleaned the classroom. 我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的）
这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。
2. 否定式：主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它
1) I haven’t been in Shanghai for 10 years
2) My grandpas hasn’t been to Hong Kong.
3) I haven't finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。
4）She hasn't travelled on a train. 她没有坐火车旅行过。
5）We have never spoken to a foreigner. 我们从来没有和外国人说过话。
有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。
6）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。
现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。
3. 一般疑问式：助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它
把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语＋have／has．否定回答用“No，主语＋haven't／hasn't．”有时也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once．”等。
1）—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？
—Yes，I have．是的，我做过。
2）—Has she ever been abroad？她曾经出过国吗？
—No，never．不，从来没有。
3）—Have they found the lost books yet？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？
—Yes，they have．是的，他们找到了。
当句子中有否定词not ，hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school，have you ？你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？
练习：
一、用适当的时态填空
1. __________ they__________ (be) to the U.S.?
—Yes, they have.
2. I__________ already__________ (buy) three books in the bookshop nearby.
3. My grandpa__________ never__________ (be) to that farm.
4. __________ he ever__________ (read) this book?
5. She__________ _________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
6. Both of them ___________ __________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.
7. The Smiths aren’t at home, are they?
—No, they__________ __________ (go) to Sichuan, their hometown.
8. –Are you thirsty? --No, I ________just ________ (have) some oranges.
Keys:
1. Have, been 2. have, bought 3. has, been 4. Has, read 5. has lived 6. have been 7. have gone
四、介词at，on，in
表示时间：
in: 后面加时间段。
如：年in 2008，月in August，季节in spring，上午in the morning，晚上in the evening，下午in the afternoon
on: 后面加某一天。
如：星期on Sunday，节日on Teachers' Day，前夜on the eve。特别要注意的是当morning，afternoon，evening等有修饰成分的时候，表示特定一天的早上、下午和晚上所以也用on，例如：on a cold morning, on the afternoon of Teachers' Day
at: 后面加时间点。
如：时刻at 8:20，正午at noon，午夜at midnight。另外有一些固定搭配：at the moment, at last, at first, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time.
注意：在表示时间的结构中，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next，last，this，that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all, tonight 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow前不用介词。
介词during和in后面都可以加一段时间，例如：during 3 days，in three days。但是前者表示三天内，而后者表示3天后，这是考试时容易考到的难点，同学们要特别留心。
表示地点：
in：表示“在……里面”，
on：在……上面，表面相互接触。
at ：在……旁边
练习：
单项选择
1. Many sportsmen are getting ready the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. to B. with C. for D. on
2. Be careful when you go the street because the traffic is very busy at the moment.
A. across B. behind C. between D. over
3. Father’s Day came June 10th this year.
A. on B. at C. in D. during
4. Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam a light heart. Good luck to everyone!
A. on B. with C. without D. for
5. I have just heard on the radio that Nanjing Road is jammed cars.
A. in B. on C. with D. at
6. This song reminds me my homeland.
A. for B. of C. across D. at
7. – When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?
- July 1st, 1997.
A. On B. In C. At D. For
8. Oh, it’s you, Ella! Your voice sounds very different the phone. What’s happening?
A. from B. in C. of D. on
9. – When does your mother go shopping? – Usually Sunday mornings.
A. for B. in C. at D. on
10. Meimei is better than me singing.
A. on B. to C. at D. for
11. Attention, please! There will a class meeting the morning of May 4th.
A. have; at B. have; on C. be; at D. be; on
12. I’d like a cup of coffee some sugar and milk.
A. in B. to C. of D. with
13. - one of the people from Wuhu, I’m proud “Chery (奇瑞)”.
- Me. too.
A. For; to B. As; of C. With; for D. Of; at
14. – I hear you have got a ticket the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.
- Yes, I got it my uncle.
A. for, from B. to, by C. to, from D. for, to
15. My parents go to work bus every day.
A. by B. in C. on D. with
16. Miss Gao is standing all her students.
A. between B. middle C. centre D. among
17. These coats are different size.
A. from B. of C. to D. in
18. You can study the grammar memorizing it.
A. with B. by C. on D. at
19. Can you find New York this map of America.
A. in B. at C. of D. on
20. The bird flies the woods.
A. above B. on C. under D. for
21. I hope all of you can hand your homework time every day.
A. out, in B. in, in C. in, on D. in, at
22. We all agree you. Let’s start once.
A. to, in B. at, for C. with, at D. on, at
23. The doctor was busy operating the wounded boy that time.
A. for, to B. at, for C. with, in D. on, at
24. Mr. Li said he would show the students the New York city, which is famous the world.
A. about, at B. around, in C. though, in D. towards, around
25. My sister usually thinks her own language first, then she turns her words into English.
A. in B. by C. with D. through
1-10 CAABC BADDC 11-20 DDBA A DDBDA 21-25 CCDBA
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