U10
必会词汇
1. healthy
adj. 健康的；有益于健康的
e. g. It is healthy to eat fruit. 吃水果对身体有好处
You look very healthy. 你看起来很健康
unhealthy adj. 不健康的，对健康有害的
【友情提示】un-是一个用来构成反义词的前缀，表示“不”的意思。其他的如：important重要的- unimportant不重要的等。
【辨析】healthy 和 healthful
healthy 主要指身体健康，可修饰人或动物.
e.g. a healthy baby 健康的婴儿
a healthy panda 一只健康的熊猫
也指身体各部分乃至食欲等的正常
e.g. have a healthy appetite 食欲正常
healthful 意为“增进健康的”；一般仅指有益于健康的
e.g. healthful food 有益于健康的食品
healthful exercise 有益于健康的锻炼
但现在也可以用 healthy 代替 healthful, 例如：
healthy food 健康食品 healthy outdoor work 有益于健康的户外活动
2. eating
n. 吃；饮食
e.g. Healthy eating is good for our body. 健康饮食有助于我们的身体
【记忆链接】 eating-house eating-place 饭馆；饭店；食堂
3. diet
n. (1)食谱
(2)日常食物
e. g. His illness is because of poor diet. 他的疾病是因为差的饮食.
v. 节食
e. g. You need to diet and take more exercise. 你应该节食并多做运动.
4. pyramid
n. 金字塔
e. g. Pyramid is a great project for man. 金字塔对人类来说是一项巨大的工程.
【友情提示】 金字塔是埃及最为有名的建筑，被列为古代世界七大奇观之一。埃及的金字塔建于4500年以前，是古埃及国王为自己修建的陵墓。
5. salt
n. 盐
e.g. I think you should eat little salt. 我认为你应该少吃盐.
v. （1）用盐腌（食物）
e.g. She is salting beef.她正在腌牛肉.
(2)盐撒在…..上使冰或雪融化
e. g. Peope salt on the road to melt ice and snow after a heavy snow.
在一场大雪过后，人们将盐撒在路上融化冰雪.
【记忆链接】 salty adj.盐的；咸的
【常见词组】 a grain of salt 一粒盐 a salt-water fish 咸水鱼 table salt 调味盐
sea salt 海盐 bath salt 浴盐 salt-mine 盐矿
6. yogurt
n. 酸奶；酸酪乳
e. g. Do you like yogurt?你喜欢酸奶吗？
I think yogurt is good for our health. 我觉得酸酪乳对我们的健康有益。
【友情提示】在英语中，yogurt常被拼写为yoghurt。在口语中，yogurt有时也可数，例如：two strawberry yogurts表示“两杯草莓酸奶”
7. a little少量，少许
e. g. Please give the cat a little water. 请给猫一些水。
I have a little money. 我有一些钱。
【友情提示】 a little后只能跟不可数名词，表示“一点点”。例如：
We need a little sugar every day. 我们每天只需要少量的糖。
如果要修饰可数名词的话，需用a few, 例如：
Mum only bought a few apples. 妈妈只买了几个苹果。
8. plenty of大量的，许多
e. g. There is plenty of water in the river because of rain. 因为下雨河里有大量的水。
There are plenty of flowers in the garden. 花园里有很多花。
【友情提示】 plenty of与a lot of一样，后面可以跟可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。例如：
I am very hungry. I need plenty of food. 我很饿。我需要大量食物。
I have got plenty of stamps. 我有许多邮票。
9. fresh
adj. 新鲜的；淡的；无盐的
e.g. People drink fresh water, not salty water. 人们喝淡水，不喝咸水.
【常见词组】 fresh flowers 鲜花 fresh fish 鲜鱼，生鱼
fresh colours 鲜艳的色彩 feel fresh 觉得清新爽快
a fresh hand 新手 make a fresh start 重新开始
10. exercise
n.锻炼；练习
e.g. Walking, running and jumping are all healthy forms of exercise. 走路、跑步和跳远都是健康的体育锻炼.
We do morning exercises and eye exercises every day. 我们每天都做早操和眼保健操
【注意】exercise作“锻炼”解释时，是不可数名词；但作“做操”、“练习”解释时，是可数名词.
11. countryside
n. 乡村
e.g. The English countryside looks at its best in spring. 英国的乡村在春天景色最美.
【辨析】country 和 countryside
country 和 countryside 都可以意为“农村”.
e. g. I live in the city, and he lives in the country. 我住在城市，他住在农村.
(countryside只能是“乡村、农村”的意思. "我住在城市，他住在农村"此句中的“乡下”习惯上只能用 country不用 countryside).
e. g. I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
我坐在公共汽车的前部，以便更好的看一看农村的风光.
12. fit
adj. (1)健康的
e.g. He's been ill and isn't fit for work yet. 他一直生病，尚不能工作.
(2)合适的；适宜的
e. g. The food was not fit for human. 这种食物不适宜人吃.
v.合适；合身
e.g. These shoes don't fit me. 这双鞋我穿着不合适.
13. stay
v. 逗留
stay 表示暂时的停留，而 live 表示长期居住
【常用短语】(1)stay away from 保持距离；不打扰
e. g. Jim stayed away from school. 吉姆不上学了.
Stay away from me.please. 请不要打扰我
(2)stay for /to sth 呆在某人家（吃饭）
e.g. Why don't you stay for dinner? 你为什么不吃了饭再走?
14. porridge n. 粥
e. g. I have a bowl of porridge for breakfast every day. 我每天早餐喝一碗粥。
Don’t put sugar in the porridge. 不要往粥里放糖。
【友情提示】do porridge是一个习语，意思是“坐牢；服刑”，例如：
He will do porridge two years because of stealing. 他因为偷窃将坐牢两年。
15. than conj. 比
e. g. He works harder than me. 他工作比我努力。
I like apples than bananas. 我喜欢苹果多于香蕉。
prep. (1)用在名词或代词前表示比较关系：
e. g. I’m older than her. 我比她年纪大。
Nobody understands the situation better than you．谁也不如你更了解情况。
(2)用于more和less之后和表示时间、距离等词语前，表明做某事所用的时间。
e. g. It costs me more than l00 yuan. 这个花了我100多元。
It’s less than a mile to the school.离学校不到一英里。
16. as ...as 像……一样;如同
用于副词和形容词之前，构成比较句型.
（1）第二个as 用作介词
e. g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他父亲一样高.
（2）第二个 as 用作连词
e.g. Run as fast as you can. 你能跑多快就跑多快.
17. habit
n.习惯，癖好
e. g. He has many bad habits. 他有许多坏习惯。
【常见短语】be in the / a habit of 惯于，有某种习惯
18. quiz n. 问答竞赛；小型考试，测验
e. g. John attended a quiz on television yesterday. 约翰昨天参加了一个电视问答竞赛。
Here's a quiz about eating habits. 这里有一份关于饮食习惯的小测试。
19. before
conj. (1)在……之前
e. g. Do it before you forget. 趁早动手，免得忘了.
(2)不愿
e.g. I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him. 我宁死也不向他道歉.
【友情提示】 before 作“宁愿”讲时相当于 rather than.
例如上面的句子也可以这样说: I'd shoot myself rather than I apologized to him.
20. should modal v. 应该
e. g. You should stop smoking. 你应该戒烟。
21. suggestion
n.（1）建议
e. g. On you suggestion I bought the red hat.按照你的建议我买了红色的帽子.
（2）暗示；联想
e. g. Most advertisements work through suggestion. 广告多通过启发人的联想力而发挥作用.
【记忆链接】suggest v.提议；建议；暗示
e. g. I suggest Paris as a good place for a holiday. 我提议去巴黎，那是个度假的好地方.
练习：
I Complete the sentences with 'some' or 'any'. (用some 或any 完成下面的句子。)
Is there ice cream here?
There isn't water in the bottle.
There are vegetables in the kitchen.
We don't need rice.
We can't find books on the shelf.
【Keys】1 any 2 any 3 some 4 any 5 any
Ⅱ Complete the words according to the sentences. (根据句意写单词。)
I like chocolate very much. It's my f food.
I had coffee with milk and s for breakfast yesterday.
We need p of fresh fruit every day.
He is very fat because he doesn't do any e .
Your diet is h than any other people in our company.
【Keys】1 favourite 2 sugar 3 plenty 4 exercise 5 healthier
必会词组
1.healthy eating 健康的饮食=a healthy diet keep healthy, keep us healthy, keep our health
2. good diets and bad diets 好的食谱和不好的食谱
3. a food pyramid 一个食物金字塔 how much of each kind of food
4. need a little fat, salt and sugar 需要一点脂肪，盐和糖 a little=some
5. need plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables plenty of=a lot of=lots of=many=much=enough
6. fresh fruit and vegetables 新鲜的水果和蔬菜 need a lot of rice, noodles and bread
7.How much fruit do we need every day?
How much+UN.
How many+CN.
some+CN./UN.
8. stay with his cousin stay with sb. 和某人呆在一起
练习：
1. Fred is the __________(short ) in his class .
2. My book is ________( new ) than my sister’s .
3. That piece of chicken is the ___________( heavy )in the fridge .
4. Her rule is ______(long), and it’s the _______(long)of ours all .
5. Is a fish _________(thin) than a bird ?
三、必会知识点
1. It shows us how much of each kind of food we need every day. 它告诉我们每天所需每种食物的量。
★show意为“显示，告知”，为动词，例如：
His expression shows how unhappy he is. 他的表情说明他非常不高兴。
★show sb sth意为“让某人看某物”也可以表达为show sth to sb。例如：
The English teacher shows the students a photo of the Great Wall.
=The English teacher shows a photo of the Great Wall to the students. 英语老师给学生们展示了一张长城的照片。
★each意为“每一，每个”；each kind of是说“每一种”。
e.g. Thete are lots of trees on each side of the road. 在路的每一边都有很多树。
2. How much sugar do we need every day?我们每天需要多少糖？
how much用于对不可数名词数量的提问，need在这里用作实义动词，意为“需要”。例如：
-How much fruit do we need every day?我们每天需要多少水果？
-We need plenty of fruit every day. 我们每天需要许多水果。
3. We need a little sugar every day. 我们每天需要一点糖。
need在这里作实义动词，意为“需要”。
need to do sth /need sth. 意思为：需要去做某事／需要某物。例如：
We need to wash our hands before meals. 吃饭前我们需要洗手。
否定句：We don't need to wash our hands before meals. 吃饭前我们不需要洗手。
She needs food and clothes. 她需要食物和衣物。
否定句：She doesn’t need food or clothes. 她不需要食物和衣物。
need作情态动词，后直接加动词原形need do sth, 否定形式为：needn't do sth。例如：
Ben needn't clean the room now. 本不需要现在打扫房间。
Students needn't go to school at weekends. 学生们周末不用去上学。
4. One day, Mr Lin went to visit Miss Chen and had lunch with her. 一天，林先生去拜访陈小姐并和她一起吃了午餐。
one day指“一天”，既可指过去的某一天，也可指将来的某一天，例如：
One day, I went to see my grandparents last week. 上个星期的一天，我去看望了我的祖父母。
visit sb的意思是“拜访，探望某人”，还可以用see sb来表示相同的意思，但前者更正式一些，例如：
We plan to visit Miss Black. =We plan to see Miss Black. 我们打算去看望布莱克小姐。
5. What did you have for lunch?你午餐吃的什么？
have sth for breakfast/lunch/dinner早／午／晚餐吃某物，例如：
-What do you usually have for lunch?你平时午餐吃什么？
-I usually have bread, jam and a cup of coffee. 我经常吃面包，果酱，再喝一杯咖啡。
-What did you have for dinner last night?昨晚你晚餐吃的什么？
-I had some steamed fish and some rice. 我吃的蒸鱼和米饭。
6. One was…and the other was…一个…, 另一个…
one ...the other… 指“一…另一…”是指两者中的“一个；另一个。”例如：
I have two hats. One is red, and the other is yellow. 我有两顶帽子，一顶是红色的，另一顶是黄色的。
7. Your diet is less healthy than my diet. 你的食谱不如我的食谱健康。
句中的less healthy than解释为“不及…健康”。
less+原级十than相当于not so十原级+as，例如：
①Helen is less busy than Mary.=Helen is not so busy as Mary. 海伦没有玛丽忙。
②You are less careful than he.=You are not so careful as he. 你没有他仔细。
【友情提示】less十形容词／副词+than的结构表示“不如…（怎么样）”。例如：
This meeting is less important than that one. 这个会议不如那个会议重要。
That book is less interesting than this one. 那本书不如这本书有趣。
上述两句话又可以改为：This meeting isn’t as important as that one. ／That book isn’t as interesting as this one. 意思没有改变。
8. Your diet is as healthy as my diet. 你的饮食和我的饮食一样健康。
as healthy as意为“和…一样健康”
as ...as表示“和…一样（怎么样）”，两个as之间可以放形容词或副词。例如：
I can walk as fast as Mike. 我能和迈克跑得一样快。
它的否定式是not as/so ...as，表示“不如……（怎么样）”。例如：
Your dog isn't as beautiful as mine. 你的小狗不如我的小狗漂亮。
练习：
I. Choose the best answer.
( )1. There is rice left. Let's buy some.
A. some B. any C. a little D. little
( )2. What do you usually have_____________breakfast?
A. at B. for C. in D. to
( )3. Mrs Sun a healthy diet and worked in a factory.
A. has B. had C. have D. having
( )4. I don't like rice dumplings with meat. I like sweet ones.
A. salt B. salty C. health D. healthy
( )5. --Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?
--_______________.
A. Yes, I'd love to B. Thank you all the same
C. You're welcome D. That's all right
( )6. We should not eat a lot of ______________.
A. boiled vegetables B. hamburgers
C. vegetable soup D. milk and water
( )7. Grandpa Chen is too fat. He is not______________.
A. healthy B. unhealthy C. tall D. short
( )8. rice did you have yesterday evening?
A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. How far
【Keys】1-5 DBBBA 6-8 BAB
四、必会语法
形容词的比较等级
I比较级和最高级的构成
1）规则变化
|
类别 |
构成方法 |
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
|
单音节词和少数双音节词 |
一般直接在词尾加-er，-est |
long |
longer |
longest |
|
以e结尾时加-r，-st |
late |
later |
latest |
|
|
以辅音字母加y结尾时，把y变i，再加-er，-est |
easy happy |
easier happier |
easiest happiest |
|
|
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est |
big hot thin fat |
bigger hotter thinner fatter |
biggest hottest thinnest fattest |
|
|
多音节词和部分双音节词 |
在原级前加more，most |
careful |
more careful |
most careful |
|
beautiful |
more beautiful |
most beautiful |
2）不规则变化
|
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
|
good/well |
better |
best |
|
many/much |
more |
most |
|
little |
less |
least |
|
bad/badly/ill |
worse |
worst |
|
old |
older（年纪较大的） elder（较年长的） |
oldest（年纪最大的） eldest（最年长的） |
|
far |
farther（较远） further（进一步） |
farthest（最远） furthest（最大限度） |
练习：
1) 选出正确的答案
1. This pencil is ___________ than that one.
A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long
2. I think science is ____________ than language. What do you think?
A. important B. more important C. much important D. most important
3. Who jumped _________ of the two boys?
A. higher B. high C. more high D. highest
【Keys】 1. C 2.B 3. A
2) 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Simon is ________(good) at English than Amy.
2. The blue car is _____________________(expensive) of all.
3. She is ___________(busy) in my family.
4. I think hiking is _____________(interesting) than diving.
5. He works _________(hard) than I do.
【Keys】1. better 2. the most expensive 3. the busiest 4. more interesting 5. harder
II．原级用法
1）有表示绝对概念的副词very, too, so, enough, quite 等修饰时，用其原级。如：
The boy is too young. He plays the piano very well.
2）表示A与B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。
肯定句中的结构：“A…+ as +形容词/副词原级 + as + B”。如：
English is as interesting as Chinese. He runs as fast as Jim.
否定句中的结构：“A…+ not as/so +形容词/副词原级 + as + B”。如：
Lesson One isn’t as (so) difficult as Lesson Two.
否定句的结构相当于less +形容词/副词原级+ than。如：
Lesson One is less difficult than Lesson Two.
3）表示A是B 的…….倍时，A…..+倍数+as +形容词原级+as+ B
Our school isthree times/twice as big as theirs. The red pencil is half as long as the blue pencil.
III．比较级用法
1）表示两者进行比较时用形容词或副词的比较级，其结构为“A …+ 比较级+than + B”。如：
I am taller than you. He did better than me.
注意：在比较时，要注意比较的对象要一致。My pencil is longer than yours. （不用you）
2）有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far等修饰时，用形容词/副词的比较级。如：
It’s much warmer today. This bottle is a little bigger than that one.
3）在两者之间进行选择，“哪一个更……”,用句型“Which/Who is +形容词/副词比较级，A or B?”。如：
Who is taller, Mike or Ted? Which one is the longer, the pen or the pencil?
4）表示“两者之间”最……的一个”(of the two)”时，常用“the + 比较级”结构。如：
Bob is the taller of the two boys. Being is the bigger of the two.
5）表示“越来越……”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+ and + 比较级”，句中有多音节词或部分双音节词时用“more and more + 原级”结构。如：
The weather is getting warmer and warmer. Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
6）表示“越……就越……”时，用“the + 比较级， the +比较级”结构。如：
The more you eat, the fatter you will be. The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
IV．最高级用法
1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用其最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词的最高级前可不加。句末常接一个in/of短语来表示范围。如：
What’s the best sport in summer? Li Dong sings best of the four boys.
形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不能再用定冠词the。如：
Li Ming is my best friend. This is our best lesson today.
2）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Who is the +最高级，A, B or C?”。如：
Which is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?
3）表示“最……的之一”时，用“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词的复数”结构。如：
Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.
4）形容词最高级前可加序数词，表示“第几最……”。如：
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
5）形容词比较级结构可表示最高级含义。如：
Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李磊是他班里最高的学生。
=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class.
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