第二学期阶段
检测
奉贤中学，松江二中，金山中学
高三英语试卷
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
When I was a very young man, just beginning to make my way, I was invited to dine at the home of a famous New York philanthropist（慈善家）. It was after dinner ___21___ hostess led us to a large sitting room, ___22___ other guests were pouring, and my eyes observed two nervous sights: servants were arranging small chairs in long and neat rows; and up front, leaning against the wall, were musical instruments. Apparently I was in for an evening of chamber music.
I use the phrase "in for" because music means ___23___ to me. I am almost tone deaf — only with great effort ___24___ I carry the simplest tune, and serious music is to me no more than an arrangement of noises. So I did what I always did when ___25___（trap）: I sat down, and when the music started, I fixed my face in ___26___ I hoped was an expression of intelligent appreciation, closed my ears from the inside, and ___27___（bury）myself in my own completely irrelevant thoughts.
After a while, ___28___（become）aware that the people around me were applauding, I concluded it was safe ___29___（unplug）my ears. At once I heard a gentle but surprisingly penetrating voice on my right, "You are fond of Bach?"
I knew as much about Bach as I knew about nuclear fission. But I did know one of the most famous faces in the world, ___30___ the famous shock of untidy white hair and the ever-present pipe between the teeth. I was sitting next to Albert Einstein.
Section B
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
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A. countless B. exhausted C. comparison D. essential E. estimates F. features G. relatively H. cleared I. unfortunately J. recycled K. restricts |
Rain forests, found in Earth’s temperate and tropical zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain ___31___, including a closed canopy, the dense vegetation of the top branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and ___32___ constant temperatures throughout the year. Most of the forest’s insect and animal life grows well in the canopy’s leafy and sunlit environment. The forest’s ground cover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun’s light makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils, ___33___ plant growth.
Rain forests are a(n) ___34___ part of Earth’s total ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and ___35___ into the atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration（蒸发）. Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis（光合作用），rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem.
The rain forests are ___36___ shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are ___37___ in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly ___38___. When farmers move on to new areas, heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of ___39___ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some ___40___ an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Biology is making it clearer that a man’s health and well-being have a measurable impact on his future children’s health and happiness. This is not because a strong, responsible man has a greater ___41___ of being a good dad—or not only for that reason—or because he’s probably got good genes. Whether a good man’s genes are good or bad（and whatever“good”and“bad”mean in the context），his children’s bodies and minds will reflect ___42___ choices he has made over the years, even if he made those choices ___43___, he ever imagined himself strapping on a baby Bjorn.
Doctors have been telling men for years that smoking, drinking and recreational drugs can lower the ___44___ of the sperm（精子）. What doctors should probably add is that the health of unborn children can be affected by what and how much men eat; the toxins（poisonous substances）they ___45___, the traumas（unpleasant experiences）they endure, their poverty or powerlessness; and their age at the time of conception（怀孕）. ___46___, what a man needs to know is that his life experience leaves ___47___ traces on his children. Even more astonishingly, those children may pass those traces along to their children.
Lately scientists have been obsessed with（着迷于）a means of ___48___ that isn’t genetic but isn’t non-genetic either. It’s epigenetic,“Epi”，in Greek, means“above”or“beyond”. Think of epigenetics as the way our bodies modify their genetic makeup. Epigenetics describes ___49___ genes are turned on or off, in part through compounds that get on top of DNA—or else jump off it—___50___ whether it makes the proteins that tell our bodies what to do.
In the past decade or so, the study of epigenetics has become so ___51___ that it is practically a craze. Psychologists and sociologists particularly like it because gene expression or suppression（抑制）is ___52___ affected by the ___53___ and plays at least as large a role as genes do in the development of a person’s characteristics, body shape and tendency to disease. I’ve become obsessed with epigenetics because it ___54___ me as both game-changing and terrifying. Our genes can be switched on or off by three environmental factors, among other things: what we ingest（food, drink, air, toxins），what we ___55___（stress, trauma），and how long we live.
41. A. passion B. likelihood C. opportunity D. value
42. A. lifestyle B. genetic C. habitual D. parental
43. A. long before B. long after C. as long as D. shortly after
44. A. quantity B. quality C. value D. size
45. A. release B. produce C. absorb D. consume
46. A. Moreover B. On the contrary C. In other words D. On the other hand
47. A. vital B. potential C. distinct D. biological
48. A. inheritance B. growth C. development D. breeding
49. A. where B. why C. when D. how
50. A. regulating B. determining C. defining D. testing
51. A. serious B. popular C. significant D. sensitive
52. A. at the most B. at the least C. in general D. to some degree
53. A. intelligence B. culture C. environment D. psychology
54. A. shocks B. strikes C. discourages D. inspires
55. A. experience B. suffer C. support D. comprehend
Section B
Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
She has become the world’s longest-reigning monarch（在位时间最长的君主），following the death of Thailand’s King Bhumibol Adulyadej on Oct 13.
Now a new TV series called The Crown, which started to air on Nov 4 in the US, is looking back at the time when Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK prepared to take the throne（王位）at a 25-year-old. She would face a series of challenges after she was crowned（加冕）following the unexpected death of her father, George VI, in 1952.
Ever since she took the throne, the queen has seen her country change dramatically. Yet she has remained a constant presence in British lives. How can a queen, a memory from long ago in most parts of the world, still be so popular in modern Britain.
One answer is that the royal（王室的）family knows how to move with the times. Once upon a time, kings, queens, princes and princesses were distant from everyone. Today, while they still have some of the old mystery, the royals are true celebrities（名人）like famous sports and pop stars. Indeed, they are upper-class celebrities. There are hundreds of Hollywood actors, but there is only one queen of the UK.
Because they are seen so much—in magazines, on TV and on the internet—the royals must now be careful. It is not enough to be famous; one must“deserve”this fame. That’s why the new, younger generations of royals are so important to the royals’ chances of surviving. Duchess of Cambridge Kate Middleton’s commitment to many good causes has also given the royal family an image it highly needs.
In addition, old-fashioned British eccentricity（古怪）explains why the royals have stayed for so song.“The British monarchy is valued because it is the British monarchy,”the BBC noted.“We are an old and complicated society.”
56. What can we learn about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ from the two paragraphs?
A. She was 25 years old when she became queen in 1952.
B. She was doomed to（注定）take the throne from birth.
C. The TV series The Crown is about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ’s whole life.
D. She is the oldest monarch in the world after Bhumibol Adulyadej.
57. What should new generatic of British royals probably do in order to stay popular, according to the author?
A. Try to become as famous as possible.
B. Shoot some films about the royal family.
C. Keep their distance from common people.
D. Devote themselves to good causes.
58. The author mentions the BBC’s a comment to show that _______.
A. the UK is a strange nation
B. the British value their old traditions a lot
C. British society is too complex to understand
D. the British monarchy is unique in the world
59. The main purpose of the article is to ______.
A. describe the details of the TV series The Crown to readers
B. describe the daily routines of British royals
C. explore the secrets of the popularity of the British monarchy
D. explain the differences between the old and new generations of British royals
（B）
Appreciate Classics
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A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.
A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. The great and good do not die, even in this world. Embalmed（保存）in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens. --from Samuel Smiles |
60. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ____.
A. One should read good books
B. Books are like one’s best companions
C. One should make friends with good books
D. One should not live without books and friends
61. The word“affinity”in the third paragraph most probably means _____.
A. similarity B. understanding C. rewards D. compassion
62. The best title of the passage is _____.
A. The Role of Books
B. The Influence of Books
C. The Companionship of Books
D. The Contribution of Books
（C）
On Jan. 9, 2007, 10 years ago today, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple’s“revolutionary mobile phone”—a device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet communication into a single unit, controlled by touch.
As smartphones have proliferated, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: Are smartphones disturbing children's sleep? Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? And what are the implications for privacy?
But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, let's consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. That's because a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual's behavior and environment.
Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, recording people’s activity using the device’s built-in sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging and extending what's been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in artificial laboratory-based tasks.
One of the studies has used smartphone-based data collection with a built-in sensor to paint an accurate pictures of how mood is affected by a person’s location. The data came from more than 12,000 members of the general public. Twice during the day, they were prompted（促使）to report their mood and location, with location information additionally collected from the phone's location sensors. Using both kinds of location data, the study found that people reported significantly more positive moods in locations that typically involve social interactions (such as a café or friend's house) than at home, and more positive moods at home than at work.
Other studies have used sensor data to draw some kinds of inferences. For instance, a study published in 2015 followed 48 students over the course of a 10-week school term. Using a combination of location, activity and audio sensors, the researchers could infer students' patterns of class attendance, study time, physical activity and socializing. These variables, in turn, predicted student GPA with surprisingly high accuracy.
These studies are just first steps. With more data and better methods for analysis, researchers will be able to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time more accurately. The right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that need some form of treatment.
Smartphone-based data collection comes at an opportune time in the evolution of psychological science. Today, the field is moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more varieties of groups of people. Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, offering rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts.
So here's another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science.
63. What does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones?
A. It has been overshadowed by the positive impact.
B. It has more often than not been taken for granted.
C. It is not so obvious but has caused some concern.
D. It is subtle but should by no means be overstated.
64. What characterizes traditional psychological research?
A. It is based on huge amounts of carefully collected data.
B. It makes use of the questionnaire method.
C. It is often expensive and time-consuming.
D. It relies on lab observations and participants’ reports.
65. Future psychological studies will benefit individuals by helping them ___.
A. detect their unusual behaviors.
B. maintain a positive state of mind.
C. live their lives in a unique way.
D. cope with abnormal situations.
66. What do we learn about current psychological studies?
A. They are going through a period of painful transition.
B. They are increasingly focused on real-life situations.
C. They are conducted in a more rigorous manner.
D. They are mainly targeted towards undergraduates.
Section C
Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
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A. Interpreted theater has long been neglected. B. The“shadowed”style of interpreting is the most inclusive style of interpreting for the theater. C. This is the thinking behind the Americans with Disabilities Act, which requires that theaters become accessible to deaf people. D. Interpreters move about in order not to block the audience’s view. E. Interpreted theater, therefore, is an art in itself. F. Here, interpreters are placed side-by-side within the acting space. |
Interpreted Theater
Deaf people should enjoy a play as much as the hearing audience. ___67___ Theatre producers, on the other hand, are beginning to realize that theater interpretation makes their product attractive to a wider audience – with considerable financial rewards.
The most important technical aspect of theater interpretation for the deaf is the location of the interpreter. Placement strategies can be categorized into three styles:“placed,”“zoned,”and finally,“shadowed”.
The“placed”style of interpreting in the theater is by far the most common. The interpreters are side-by-side and face the audience（although some interpreters interact with each other as appropriate）. The location of the interpreter is generally in one of three places: stage right or stage left, or on the floor of the house.
The ‘zoned’ style of interpreting is a happy medium between the ‘placed’ and ‘shadowed’ styles. ___68___ Usually, they change position on stage from scene to scene – or from act to act – in order to be within the same “zone”as the majority of the action. Zone placement makes it easier for the deaf patron to see the interpreters and actors at the same time.
___69___ It involves placing the interpreters directly within the action—nearly making them“sign language actors”The interpreter are“blocked”into each scene, and literally shadow the actors. The advantage of this is clear: the interpreter is in such close proximity to the actor that the deaf patron need not make a decision about whom to watch—be or she can watch both at the same time. In the best of cases, the deaf patron mentally blends the interpreter with the actor, and forgets that the actor does not sign.
Theater interpreters for the deaf are dedicated professionals who take great pride in their work.“Theater,”says Ian,“is the art of communicating beautiful ideas in interesting ways. ___70___. Thankfully, instead of seeing us as additions, producers nowadays think of interpreters for the deaf as a new avenue to creativity.”
Ⅳ. Summary Writing.
Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
To adjust you baby to the external world, educating him is your main assignment. How will you educate him? What role will he play in the world?
According to Darwin’s theory of the evolution of the species, we are a competitive species and one survives by adapting itself biologically to various environments through various ways. Competition was useful for the progress of society and for the survival of human beings.
Today, however, the challenges are different. There are environmental imbalance, deaths of thousands of children every day by starvation and countless diseases. Therefore, it is urgent that the philosophy of preparing our children for competition and power be replaced by one of preparing them for love and cooperation.
The earth is a unique home to us all. We must educate our children so that they want to preserve nature and it can in return make them more powerful and capable in society. Our children have to learn that we don’t need to practice actions that benefit only our homeland while all other countries are destroyed. The destruction of other countries and lives leads to the impossibility of the future existence of our home. We must teach our children that the main necessity of men and children is love. Love is good to ourselves, others and nature.
But it is getting harder to love. We are not capable of demonstrating hate to a flower, grabbing it and throwing it at the floor and stepping on it. It sounds insane! But we are insensitive to the extent of seeing a homeless person on the ground and pretending it’s not our problem! Our strong idea of competition has led us to total insensibility!
Ⅴ. Translation.
Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
71. 爬上山顶，你就能俯瞰整个城市了。（view）
72. 你务必牢记缺乏维生素和不经常锻炼会使你生病。（bear）
73. 除非现在就采取有效的措施，否则人类就会发现自己面临灾难。（face）
74. 但凡利用儿童年幼无知而行骗者都绝不会逃脱法律的惩罚。（escape）
75. 这位女士很优雅，她的演讲充满激情，给在场的听众留下了深刻的印象。（impression）
Ⅵ. Guided Writing.
Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
有些人认为大学生应该学习他们喜欢的专业或学科，有些人认为他们应该学对将来有用的学科，比如科学技术等。 作为高三学生，你将面临选择大学和专业，请你谈谈你的观点，并说说你持这观点的理由和你将来的设想。
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