高一英语 试卷
When we were kids, learning polite expressions was important. Our parents taught us to say “thank you” (16) we received help, and to say “please” when we needed a favour from others. (17) would you say “thank you” and “please” to a digital(数码的) assistant?
Last month, Amazon announced it had added new features to its smart assistant Alexa, (18) will be available by updating a software on May 9. One of the developments – a politeness feature – addresses some parents’ concerns about their children forgetting their manners because they have become used to (19) (shout) orders at their Echo, a smart speaker (20) features the digital assistant Alexa.
However, some people believe kids shouldn’t have to thank a machine, a children can tell the difference between machines and humans.
When kids ask Alexa to solve a math problem using the word “please” – as in “Alexa, please tell me what 5 plus 7 is” – Alexa will not only give the correct answer, (21) give the following response: “Thank for asking so nicely.”
“I ask Siri to turn on the lights or set an alarm in the same natural language that I use in day-to-day life,” Chaim Gartenberg wrote on tech site The Verge. “It doesn’t matter that an Echo can’t hear or understand it – it (22) (matter) that you say it.”
With the increasing use of AI (artificial intelligence), forming the habit of being polite in everyday life is becoming even (23) (important), as the British research company ChildWise found. In January, it published a report warning that people (24) become used to giving orders to digital assistants without using polite expressions might become rude when dealing with others.
Indeed, as German philosopher G.W.F. Hegel wrote in his 1807 book The Phenomenology of Spirit, one is worse off if they treat their machines in an undignified(不体面的) way. And father of two Manu Kumar told Quartz, “One of my criteria for determining how nice someone is (25) (be) by watching how they speak to a waiter.” “In a similar way, even if the AI or tech doesn’t care about it, other people around us are going to experience how we treat it.”
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Section B |
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A. spread G. economical |
B. formal H. respect |
C. chance I. need |
D. found J. observing |
E. objective K. consists |
F. experience |
The idea of the youth hostel( 旅 社 ) started with one man: Richard Schirmann(1874-1961), a German school teacher, who felt that there was a (26) for overnight accommodation f or his students in order that they could see new things and have new experiences outside the cla ssroom.
He felt that one learns by (27) , and tried to make his dream come true in the year 1909, when he started providing accommodation for his students in inns, farmhouses and the lik e.
The first youth hostel was opened in Schirrmann’s own school in Altena, after which it was replacd by a permanent hostel in Altena Castle. Schirrmann went on to (28) the Germa
n Youth Hostel Association in the year 1919. By this time, the idea of the youth hostel had (29)
far and wide, all over the lands of Europe and further.
And then, in the year 1932, a(n) (30) organization called the International Youth H ostel was founded in Amsterdam, which (31) of youth hostels from Switzerland, German y, Poland, the Netherlands, Norway, Britain, Ireland, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark and Belgiu
m. Richard Schirrmann became its chairman in 1933.
The idea of the youth hostel is for young people who are on trips to get (32) accommodation in exchange for some money and a helping hand with the domestic chores( 家 务活 ). These hostels were said to build character and a sense of independence, as the youth who st ayed in them got the (33) to see how other people lived as well as to help to do work.
Youth hostels are also places to meet and make new friends. They have no class divisions a nd everyone has to do their share. Here, wealth and position does not help you gain (34)
_, but friendliness does. The friendlier you are, the more you learn from the (35) of sta ying in a youth hostel.
Did you ever have someone’s name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it. When this happens again, don’t try to 36 it. Do something else for a couple of minutes, until the name may come into your mind. The name is there since you have met this person and you have heard his name. It only has to be dug out. The first effort to recall 37 the mind for operation, but it is the subconscious( 潜意识的) 38 that go to work to dig up 39 memory. Forcing yourself to recall almost 40 helps because it doesn’t loosen your memory; it only tightens it.
In an examinations, students find the preparatory method helps. They read over the questions 41 trying to answer any of them. Then they answer first the ones of which they are most certain. 42 , deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking 43 ; work is being done in the more difficult question. By the time the easier questions are answered, 44 to the more difficult ones will usually begin to appear into consciousness. It is often just a question of waiting for recall to come to the
45 .
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36. |
A. recall |
B. remember |
C. memorize |
D. remind |
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37. |
A. leads |
B. begins |
C. helps |
D. prepares |
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38. |
A. deeds |
B. performance |
C. movements |
D. actions |
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39. |
A. a light |
B. a fresh |
C. an unclear |
D. a dark |
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40. |
A. never |
B. directly |
C. partly |
D. clearly |
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41. |
A. after |
B. besides |
C. before |
D. against |
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42. |
A. Meanwhile |
B. However |
C. Anyway |
D. Whatever |
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43. |
A. place |
B. shape |
C. charge |
D. action |
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44. |
A. questions |
B. problems |
C. proverbs |
D. answers |
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45. |
A. world |
B. attention |
C. idea |
D. memory |
(A)
On the day the tornado(龙卷风) hit, there was no sign fierce weather was on its way – the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first warning my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around 9 p.m., from some text on the TV Jimmy was watching. He ran upstairs to find me in our third-floor
bedroom, and we changed the channel from the national television to our local Pensacola, Florida, station.
Soon the tornado was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I have ever heard. The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. And the wind began to roar(咆哮) through the house, most likely through blown-out windows and the door to our garage. Everything was moving. And the back wall of the house came off and flew into the darkness outside. We had three flights of steps to get to the storeroom down there, the relative safety of the first floor.
I didn’t know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet. As we finally reached the last flight of steps, our front door blew out. Suddenly, a three-foot-long tree branch flew over our heads, missing us by inches.
By the time I reached the storeroom, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed me down to the storeroom floor, but he couldn’t get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmy’s arm as the tornado blew the door open. My knees were full of glass, but I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house.
All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn’t believe it was over. Our neighbor says the storm lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were completely destroyed. Amazingly, none of us were seriously injured.
46. Where did the couple learn about the coming fierce weather?
A. From the dark sky. B. From the national TV station.
C. From the local newspaper D. From the text sent by their neighbors.
47. What can we infer from paragraph 2 about the couple?
A. They were hit by a tree branch. B. They tried to get out of the house.
C. Their garage was blown to pieces. D. Their house was badly destroyed.
48. What do we know about Jimmy when the author reached the storeroom?
A. He was in great danger. B. He flew out of the house.
C. He was seriously injured. D. He got inside the storeroom.
Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often don’t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few – for example, the average among students is about six percent.
Moreover, a great many relationships come under the term “friendship”. In all cases, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but the degree of intimacy( 亲密) and the reasons for their mutual interest vary greatly.
At the beginning, much depends on how people meet, and on favorable first impressions. As we get to know people, we take into consideration things like age, race, physical attractiveness, economic and social status, and intelligence. Although these factors are not the most important, it is more difficult to relate to people when there is a huge difference in age and background.
On the next level, actual behavior, facial expression and tone of voice really matter. Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other. Smiles and soft voices also show friendliness.
Some relationships develop well on argument and discussion. It is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have common interests that they often talk about. It generally takes time to reach this point; sometimes people “click” immediately. People like to do friends favors and hate to let them down. Meanwhile, friends have to learn to accept different opinions and habits.
In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies. But the support and understanding that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, age, class or race.
49. The phrase “to relate to people” (para. 3) means .
A. to meet people unexpectedly B. to show favor for people
C. to interact with people in a meaningful way D. to know people with purpose
50. It is believed that arguments between friends .
A. should be avoided B. may do harm to friendship
C. will lead to misunderstanding D. may bring about closer relationship
51. According to the passage, what causes the close association between friends is .
A. social status B. background
C. shared experiences and emotions D. physical attractiveness
In the United States alone, over 100 million cell phones are thrown away each year. Cell phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration(含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive( 动 机 ) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫) that encased your television?
From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
52. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that .
A. the weight of e-goods is rather small
B. e-waste deserve to be made good use of
C. natural minerals contain more precious metals
D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
53. are contained in the electronic devices.
A. natural minerals B. e-wastes C. precious metals D. raw material
54. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended .
A. from producers to governments B. from governments to producers
C. from individuals to distributors D. from distributors to governments
55. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The increase in e-waste. B. The creation of e-waste.
C. The seriousness of e-waste. D. The management of e-waste.
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Working-from-home Dream Now a Reality
Sunjit Patel is a graphic designer with a well-known publishing company. He has lived in England since he was five. He lives in South London, and for the last three years he has been working from home. Sunjit isn’t alone. 56 In addition, about eight million people spend some time working at home rather than in an office. This is almost twice as many as ten years ago.
This rapidly-growing trend towards working from home is the same in many countries. But why? The main reason is technological: easy access to broadband and the availability of phone and video-conferencing. These enable people to use their home as an office in an efficient and cost-effective way.
57 Office space is costly, so if an organization can reduce its workstations, it may be able to move to a smaller site. Employees often work better at home: travelling to work can be very time-consuming and tiring. Many homeworkers save a lot of time if they don’t travel to work and they can start the day fresher and therefore work more efficiently.
Sunjit Patel says, “I have been working from home since my son was born and have been really enjoying it. 58 I’ve known my boss and colleagues for a long time now, which really helps because you’ve got to trust each other. You also need to have regular contact, by phone, email or video conference, and you need to make regular trips to your offices. Otherwise you really miss out on the gossip and on the social side of work.”
59 This response to a query(询问) about homeworking was recently posted on the Internet: “The only people who can work from home are those who do an unnecessary job. Can surgeons work from home? Ambulance drivers? Firefighters? If you can work from home full-time, you have a pointless job.” Fortunately for Sunjit and the 2.1 million like him, not many people think that way!
I. Translation.
1. 学生应当积极参与社会实践活动。(sure)
2. 这个专家所推荐的方法被证明在实践中行之有效。 (prove)
3. 不要让孩子接触过多的网络游戏，这会让他们无法全神贯注于学习。 (concentrate)
4. 任何人都难以想象这些士兵在艰苦和枯燥的训练中所经历的煎熬。(it)
假如你叫李华，作为交换生(exchange student)在美国学习期间，得到了朋友 Jane 许多方面的帮助，给她写封信，表达感激之情，并邀请她来上海做客，信的内容必须包括：
你所获得的具体帮助；
你对她的感激；
你对她的邀请。
Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
16. when 17. But 18. who 19. shouting 20. which 21. but also 22. matters
23. more important 24. who 25. is Section B
26. I 27. J 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. K 32. G 33. C 34. H 35. F
Reading Comprehension Section A
36-40 ADCCA 41-45CAADD
Section B
(A) 46. C 47. D 48. A
(B) 49. D 50. D 51. C
(C) 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. D
Section C
56. D 57. F 58. A 59. B
第 II 卷
Translation.
The students are sure to take active part in the social practical ativities.
The way that the expert remmemded proved effective in practice.
Don't expose the children to too much online games, and it makes them not concentrate on the study.
It is hard for everyone imagine the suffering that those soliders experienced in the tough and dull training.
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