U6
一、必会词汇
1. peaceful adj. 平静的
{联想} peace n. 和平
2. convenient adj. 方便的
{反义词} inconvenient adj. 不方便的
{联想} convenience n. 便利
3. neighbourhood n. 街区；城区
4. bottom n. 底部
{反义词} top
5. *steep adj. 陡的
{反义词} gentle adj. 缓和的
6. step n. 台阶
{提示}steps可以用来表示“（室外的）石头阶梯”或“四脚梯折梯”等。
7. noisy adj. 吵闹的；嘈杂的
{联想} noise n. 噪音 noisily adv.吵闹地；嘈杂地
{反义词} quiet adj. 安静的；宁静的
8. exciting adj. 令人激动的；令人兴奋的
{反义词} boring adj. 令人厌烦的
Uninteresting adj. 无趣的；乏味的
{联想} excite v.使激动；使兴奋 excitement n. 激动；兴奋
excited adj. 激动的；兴奋的
9. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的
{反义词} unpleasant adj. 是人不愉快的；讨厌的
{近义词} enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的
10. relaxing adj. 令人放松的
{联想} relax v. 放松；休息
relaxed 放松的
11. financial adj. 金融的；财政的
{联想} finance n. 金融；财政
12. church n. 教堂
{比较} go to church与go to the church
go to church表示“去教堂做礼拜”；go to the church仅表示“去教堂”。
13. *statue n. 雕塑；雕像
14. *fountain n. 喷泉
15. storybook n. 儿童故事书；童话书
练习：
II. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
1. Life in the suburbs is quiet and . (peace)
2. There is a new garden in our . ( neighbour)
3. It is (convenience) to go to Beijing by plane.
4. We had a journey last summer holiday. ( pleasure )
5. Fishing is a kind of activity for people to . (relaxing)
6. Nobody can tell whether this new age of globalization would end soon because of the . crises.(financially)
【Keys】1. peaceful 2. neighbourhood 3. convenient 4. pleasant 5. relax 6. financial
二、必会词组
1. take a bus to 乘公交车去、、、、
take +交通工具 +介词to 意为“搭乘、、、、去某地”=go to 、、、by +交通工具
eg：You can take a bus to the park.
You can go to the park by bus.
2. It takes about forty minutes.
It takes +时间 表示“做某事花了多长时间”
It takes +sb. +some time to do sth. 表示“某人花了多少时间做某事”
eg：It takes five hours to travel from Shanghai to Nanchang by train.
3. at the bottom of 在、、、、底部
eg：The apples at the bottom of the basket are smaller.
4. not any 意为“什么都没有” = no
eg: There aren’t any shops or restaurants.=There are no shops or restaurants.
5. It is +adj. + to do sth. 表示“做某事很怎么样”
其中，it不是句子真正的主语，它替代了to do sth.的部分，我们称之为“形式主语”，而把动词不定式部分称为“真实主语”。
eg: It is difficult to learn French.
练习：
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：
I like ___ (live) in the countryside.
The life in the countryside is ____ (relax).
Most of the people like the ____ (peace) life.
We all liked the ____ (please) trip.
On ____ (wind) days, we can fly kites.
按要求改写句子：
Ben usually does his homework before dinner. (对划线部分提问)
____ does Ben usually ____ his homework?
Peter goes to visit his grandma once a week. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ does Peter go to visit his grandma?
It takes me one hour to go to school. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ does it take you to go to school?
We often take the underground to go to school. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ you often go to school?
三、必会语法
I 现在进行时和过去进行时
现在进行时
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。
—What are you doing now?
—We are having a test.
2. 表示现阶段暂时的习惯动作，该动作说话时不一定正在进行。
Mr. Brown is a teacher of maths, but he is now teaching computer lessons.
3. 表示不断重复的动作，常带always等频度副词，而且带有感情色彩。
Alice is always helping others.
4. 表示渐进的过程，通常适用于表示“转变”的动词。
When autumn comes, the weather is getting cooler and cooler.
5. 表示即将发生的事情，通常适用于暂短性动词。
Pm going to Paris for my holidays next week.
6. 现在进行时的动词形式通常以助动词be (am, is, are)及动词原形加-ing，即动词的现在 分词表示，其规则如下：
1) 一般动词都在词尾加-ing，如：working，planting, carrying, discussing 等。
2) 当动词以-e结尾时，先去掉-e，再加-ing，如：shining, leaving, skating, writing。
以-oe，-ee，-ye 结尾的动词，直接加-ing，如：hoeing，dyeing，agreeing 等.
还有特殊变化的，如:die+ing—dying lie+ing—lying
3) 当动词为重读闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾时，要重复词尾的辅音字母，再加-ing,如： running, stopping, swimming, beginning 等.
7.现在进行时常用的时间状语有:now, nowadays, at the moment, these days等。
过去进行时
1.表示过去某时正在进行的动作。
We were taking a walk when we met our maths teacher.
2.表示过去某个阶段暂时性习惯动作。
He is a driver, but at that time he was working in a factory.
3.表示过去不断重复的动作。
Mrs. Green was always complaining about something.
4.过去进行时的动词形式通常以助动词be (was，were)加动词的现在分词-ing形式表示， 其构成规则与现在进行时相同。
5.过去进行时常用的时间状语有：this time yesterday, at that time, at the moment 等。
练习一：写出下列动词的现在分词：
Play _______ run__________swim________ make_______ go________like________
write_______ read________ have_______ sing_______ dance_______put______
see _______ buy_____ _love__________live_______ take________come________
ge _______ stop________ sit________ begin________shop__________
答案： playing running swimming making going liking writing skiing reading singing dancing putting seeing buying loving living taking coming getting stopping sitting beginning shopping
练习二：用所给动词的适当时态填空。
1. Don’t make any noise. The teachers (have) a meeting.
2. Betty (make) a telephone call to her pen pal at that time yesterday:
3. I (not do) anything at the moment.
4. He told me that my mother (wait) for me outside.
5. Spring is here. It (get) warmer and warmer.
6. What you (do) when I called you yesterday evening?
7. All those wastes (pollute) the river these years.
8. My mother (cook) in the kitchen when my father returned home.
9. I (see) him when I (walk) in the park.
10. It (rain) at the moment, so we (stay) indoors yesterday afternoon.
keys: 1. are having 2. was making 3. am not doing 4. was waiting 5.is getting 6. were, doing
7. are polluting 8.was cooking 9. saw, was walking 10. was raining, stayed
练习三：完成下列句子:
What_________you__________(do)?
I_____________(sing) an English song.
What________he____________(mend)?
He______________(mend) a car.
______you__________(fly) a kite?
Yes, _______.
______she___________(sit) in the boat?
______you_____________(ask) questions?
We_______________(play) games now.
答案：1. are; doing 2. am; singing 3. is; mending 4. is; mending 5. are; flying; I am
6. is; sitting 7. are; asking 8. are playing
一般过去时与现在完成时比较
用法比较：
1.概念：一般过去时：过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。
现在完成时：现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，重点是强调现在的是影响。
2．时间状语：
1）一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, （具体的时间状语）
2）现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, before (以前)等
3．动词搭配：
1）现在完成时中有瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分：
瞬间动词：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等后面不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语。
延续性动词：live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
[说明] “终止”、“延续”要转换：英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性（瞬间动词）两种，在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性，当句中含有一段时间状语时应将这类瞬间动词转换为延续性动词。
例如： The film has begun. → The film has been on for an hour.
He has gone . → He has been away for ten minutes.
2）一般过去时中不存在瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分：
I saw this film （yesterday）.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。
练习：
一、单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
3、Have you met Mr. Li ______？
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .
-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study
C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. Knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
9、-These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go
C. do they go D. have they gone
10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
答案：1—5：BBCDC 6—10：CCBBB
二、句型转换
1、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）
2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory for twenty years.
3、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ an hour ago.
4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
6、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
答案：
1、died, has been dead 2、has been open 3、has been away 4、joined；ago
5、It is, since 6、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
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