U4
必会词汇
1. block [blɔk] n. 一幢楼房
【提示】 block既可以用来表示“大楼；大厦”，也可以表示“两条街间的距离”或“由四条马路围成的方形楼房区”。
2. architect ['ɑ:kitekt] n. 建筑师
【词性转换】 architecture ['ɑ:kitektʃə] n. 建筑；建筑物
Good architects know how to design buildings to fit into the land.
好的建筑师知道怎样设计使得建筑物与地形相协调。
3. construction [kən'strʌkʃən] n. 建筑
【词性转换】 construct [kən'strʌkt] v. 建造；构造
This is a fine construction. 这是一个完美的建筑物。
4. company ['kʌmpəni] n. 公司
【近义词】business ['biznəs] n. 公司，企业
批注：程度较好的学生可以跟孩子说company作动词“陪伴”的意思，提起孩子的兴趣。
5. type [taip] v. 打字
【词性转换】 typist ['taipist] n. 打字员
Please type this letter right away and send it to Mr Smith. 请赶快把这封信打好并寄给史密斯先生。
6. removal [ri'mu:vəl] n. 搬迁；迁移
That company does removals. 那家公司承办搬运业务。
7. ambulance ['æmbjuləns] n. 救护车
The light was red but the ambulance drove straight through.
红灯亮着，但救护车径直开了过去。
批注：这个单词比较长，很多孩子总是记不住，可以告诉孩子一个比较好玩却有快捷的记忆方式，“俺不想死”是单词ambulance的谐音，又比较诙谐，可以考虑在课上提提。
8. rescue ['reskju:] v. 营救
【比较】 rescue与save
rescue常指采取直接的行动而免于即刻发生的伤害或危险，强调是不失时机地使某人、某物免遭伤害、免受危险或避免死亡。如：
We rescued the boy who fell into the river. 我们救起了掉进河里的男孩。
save指保证安全或防止危险、伤害或恶果发生的行为，强调被救的人可继续其生命。如：
The young soldier saved the little girl from the fire. 年轻的士兵从大火中救出了小女孩。
9. deliver [di'livə] v. 分发；递送
【近义词】 send [send] v. 投递；传递
The mailman delivered the letters on time. 那个邮差准时地投递了信件。
10. parcel ['pɑ:sl] n. 包裹
She sent me the present by parcel post. 她用包裹邮寄的方式把礼物寄给了我。
11. n neighbour ['neibə] n. 邻居
【词性转换】 neighbourhood ['neibəhud] n. 邻近地区；住宅区
Britain’s nearest neighbour is France. 英国最近的邻居是法国。
12. manager ['mænidʒə] n. 经理
【词性转换】 manage ['mænidʒ] v. 管理；经营 management ['mænidʒmənt] n. 管理；管理学
Our manager is very strict with us. 我们的经理对我们要求很严格。
批注：对于manage做动词的用法可以在此适当提及，并且对于程度好的学生，可以让孩子知道manage和succeed的区别和相同之处。
13. both...and... ……两者都
【提示】 both...and...连接的两个成分须在形式、时态、词性等方面完全一致。
如：Both Bach and Beethoven could write great music.
巴赫与贝多芬都能谱写伟大的乐曲。（连接两个主语）
The opportunity both excited and worried me. 这机会既使我激动又令我忧虑。（连接两个谓语动词）
批注：用牛津教材的孩子在预初已学习过“neither…nor”, “either…or”，在这里可以帮助孩子总结下，尤其是要孩子注意both…and和neither…nor是互为反义词的，另外注意，它们连接主语时的谓语动词的单复数问题。
14. broken ['brəukən] adj. 伤残的；破损的
He speaks broken English. 他的英语说得结结巴巴。
批注：要开始帮助孩子不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。
15. scene [si:n] n. 现场；地点
This play is divided into three acts, and each act has three scenes.
这个剧分为三幕，每一幕有三个场景。
练习：
IV. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
1. When I am sad, Tom always tells me some jokes to make me feel____________. (good)
2. My uncle works in a company. (remove)
3. Be , or you will miss the earliest bus to Shanghai. (quickly)
4. Mr Wang is the kindest I have met. (manage)
5. There is a new near my house. The bread there is tasty. (bake)
【Keys】1. better 2. removal 3. quick 4. manager 5. bakery
二、必会词组
live in the same block of flats 住在同一幢楼
make sick people better 使病人康复
an architect 一位建筑设计师
draw plans of buildings 画建筑图纸
a construction company 一家建筑公司
type letters 打字
type v. –typewriter n. –typist n. 打字 v. -打字机n. -打字员 n.
a removal man 一个搬运工
a removal company 一家搬运公司
move furniture to people’s flats 搬家具到人们家
much furniture 许多家具
a piece of furniture 一件家具
work in a hospital 在医院工作
work in an office 在办公室工作
work for a construction company 为一家建筑公司工作
What job do they do?/ What are their jobs?/ What are they? 他们做什么工作？
They have/do different jobs. 他们做不同的工作。
neighbourhood n. 街区 neighbour n.邻居
wears a uniform at work 在工作中穿制服？
an ambulance worker 一位救护人员
drive sick people to the hospital quickly. 快速地把病人送进医院
rescue people / save people 救人
deliver letters and parcels 送信和包裹
make … a safe place 使…成为一个安全的地方
meet sb. in the lift 在电梯里遇见某人
in the city centre= in the centre of the city 在市中心
go to meetings = attend meetings 参加会议
take notes for the manager 为经理记录笔记
a survey on jobs 一个关于工作的调查
waiter n. 男性服务员 waitress n. 女性服务员 n.
come towards 朝…过来
knock sb. down 把某人撞倒
catch fire = be on fire 着火
motorcycle -- motorcyclist 摩托车--摩托车手
be hurt / get hurt in an accident 在事故中受伤
arrive at 到达+小地点 arrive in 到达+大地点
a broken arm 折断的手臂
a broken leg 折断的腿
stop the traffic 拦下交通
call the fire engine 打电话叫消防车
at the scene of the accident 在事故现场
take sb. home 把某人带回家
carry into the ambulance搬进救护车
two days later两天以后
ran away 逃跑
immediately ad. 立刻
on his way to school 在他上学的路上
on my way home 在我回家的路上
on their way to the cinema在他们去电影院的路上
street cleaners街道清扫工
sweep the streets 扫马路
collect rubbish 收垃圾
empty the rubbish bin 清空垃圾箱
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
start work early 早早开始工作
sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人
sell v. 出售 seller n.卖家 salesman n 销售员 sale n. 销售
on sale 打折促销 for sale供销售
buy sth. from sb. 从某人那里购买某物
buy sth. for sb. 为某人购买某物
bake v. 烘烤 baker n.面包师 bakery n.面包房
a flower shop一家花店
a newspaper stall 一个报摊
练习：
用所给词语正确形式填空：
1. If you want to keep fit, you must eat (health) food.
2. There are many (sheep) eating grass on the hill.
3. My father always (feel) happy when I do well in my study.
4. One of the (dance) over there is his sister.
5. You should be (care) with your health.
6. He (have) an MP3 now.
7. Could you tell me how (make) a kite, please?
8. Thank you for (plan) so well.
9. Listen! Who (call) for help?
10. You should (listen) carefully in class.
句型转换
1. I would like a cup of tea. (改为一般疑问句)
like a cup of tea?
2. Which is your favorite book? (改为同义句)
Which book you like ?
3. Thanks for your help. (改为同义句)
Thank you me.
4. There is a knife on the table. (改为复数句)
There on the table.
5. He likes rice and noodles. (改为否定句)
He rice noodles.
6. It’s time for lunch now. (改为同义句)
It’s time lunch now.
三、必会语法
一般现在时
1.表示普遍真理或客观事实。
Light travels faster than sound.
2.表示现在的习惯动作或状态。
She is always ready to help others.
3.表示将来时间（用于某些条件状语从句和时间状语从句中）。
We will save time if we drive instead of taking a bus.
I will make a phone call to you as soon as I reach the destination.
4. 一般现在时的动词形式通常与动词原形相同，但在主语为第三人称单数时，词尾加-s或 -es，其规则如下：
1) 一般动词都在词尾加-s，如:digs, sings, looks, lives, cleans 等。
2) 当动词以s，sh, ch, x，o 结尾时，加-es，如：presses，washes, watches, fixes, goes 等。
3) 当动词以辅音字母+y结尾时，先将y成变i，再加-es,如:flies, cries, studies等。
如动词以元音字母+y结尾时，直接加-s,如:says, buys, plays等。
5. 动词be的一般现在时，依据不同人称和数分别釆用am, is, are三种形式。
动词have的一般现在时，依据不同人称和数分别釆用have, has两种形式。
6. 一般现在时常用的时间状语：often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week 等。
—般过去时
1.表示过去某时发生的事情。
The traffic accident happened ten minutes ago.
2.表示过去的习惯动作。
When he was young, my father often swam in the river.
3.—般过去时的动词形式除不规则动词外，通常以动词原形加-ed表示，即动词的过去式;动 词be的过去式为was, were。动词过去式的规则如下：
1)一般动词都在词尾加-ed，如：played，listened, turned, fixed, looked 等。
2)当动词以e 结尾时，只加-d，如：liked，danced, agreed, skated 等。
3)当动词以辅音字母+y结尾时，先将y成变i，再加-ed，如：cried,studied, carried等。
4) 当动词为重读闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾时，要重复词尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如： stopped, preferred, regretted 等。
4.一般过去时常用的时间状语有：yesterday，last year, three days ago, just now, in 1978 等。
练习一：写出下列动词的过去式
1.look— 2. live— 3. stop— 4. carry—
5.hope— 6. trip— 7. call— 8. finish—
9. want— 10. are— 11. go— 12. have—
13. do— 14. get— 15.come— 16. say—
答案：1. looked 2. lived 3. stopped 4. carried 5. hoped 6. tripped 7. called 8. finished
9. wanted 10. were 11. went 12. had 13. did 14. got 15. came 16.said
练习二：用所给动词的适当时态填空。
1. The bank robbery (happen) last night.
2. Water (boil) at the temperature of 100°C .
3. This kind of TV (make) in Shanghai.
4. In the past, there (be) only single-decker buses.
5. Matter (change) from one state to another.
6. The electric light (invent) by Edison.
7 (raise) your hand if you (know) the answer.
8. Tom (drop) the vase(花瓶）and (break) it a moment ago.
9. Yesterday he (not realize) what a serious mistake he (make).
10. The First World War (take) place in 1914. Old John (fight) in it.
keys: 1. happened 2.boils 3. is made 4. were 5. changes 6. was invented 7. Raise, how
8. dropped, broke 9. didn’t realize, had made 10. took, fought
练习三：填空
1. ____ she ____(sing)a song last night?
2. --Were there any people in the room? (作否定回答)
--______, _______ _______nobody.
3. --_____(be) they at work this morning?
--Yes. They ______ (have)a meeting together.
4. --______ Joe ______ (do)well in the long-distance running?
--Yes, he _______.
5. –Where _____ Tina’s Family____(go)last Summer?
--They _______ (go)to New York for their vacation.
答案：1. Did; sing 2. No; there was 3. Were; had 4. Did; do, did 5. Did go; went
练习四：用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children's Day. All the students ______ very excited.
答案：1. am 2. was 3. were 4. are 5. is 6. are 7. is 8. is, was, was, were
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