U6
一、词汇Words
重点词语搭配
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attack sb. with… “用…攻击某人” |
get on/along (well) with sb “与某人相处(得好)” |
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as a result “（作为）结果” |
arrest sb. for sth. “因某事而逮捕某人” |
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put up (a good fight) “进行（激烈地搏斗）” |
make sb. some enemies “给某人树敌” |
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be guilty of ….. “有……罪” |
against the law “犯法；违法” |
二、语法点拨
间接引语
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?
1. 人称的转变 (口诀：一随主，二随宾，三不变)
人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
2. 时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
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直接引语中的时态 |
间接引语中的时态 |
直接引语中的时态 |
间接引语中的时态 |
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一般现在时 |
一般过去时 |
一般过去时 |
过去完成时 |
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现在完成时 |
过去完成时 |
过去完成时 |
过去完成时（不变） |
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现在进行时 |
过去进行时 |
过去进行时 |
过去完成进行时或不变 |
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现在完成进行时 |
过去完成进行时 |
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3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况
(1) 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候。
(2) 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候。
(3) 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
(4) 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——>
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
(5) 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时。
(6) 当引语是谚语、格言时。
(7) 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——>
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
(8) 此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如：
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student: What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
(1) 时间状语：
|
直接引语 |
间接引语 |
直接引语 |
间接引语 |
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now |
then |
tomorrow |
the next / following day |
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today |
that day |
next week |
the next/following week |
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yesterday |
the day before |
two days ago |
two days before |
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last week |
the week before |
this week |
that week |
(2) 指示代词：these 变成those
(3) 地点状语：here变成there
She said, “I won't come here any more.”——> She said that she wouldn’t go there any more..
(4) 动词：come变成go，bring变成take
5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
(1) 陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——>
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）
此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of t-he heavy traffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”——>
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
(2) 直接引语为一般疑问句， 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”——>
He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
(3) 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——> He asked me whether I spoke English or French..
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”——> I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
(4) 直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：
He asked，“What's your name?”——> He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”——>
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
(5) 直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, orde-r, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please.”——> He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. ——> He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. ——>
The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. ——>
The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
(6) 有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：
He said, “Let's have a rest.”——> He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”——> He offered to help me.
(7) 当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：
“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. ——>He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. ——>
He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
(8) 直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!”——> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lov-ely day.
【小试牛刀】
1. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
2. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
宾语从句专项习题
巩固练习
1.Have you decided ________for Australia?
A. when will you leave B. when do you leave
C. you will leave when D. when you will leave
2.Can you tell me _________ ?
A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives
3.The old man asked me ________ .
A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema
C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema
4.I think _______ you will like him.
A. that B. if C. why D. how
5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.
A. that B. whether C. weather D. how
6.I wonder _________ .
A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost
C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost
7.She asked me _________
A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is
8.Ask him ___.
A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup
9.I don’t know _________ .
A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movie
C. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts
10.The doctor asked me how long ________ .
A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill
11.The weather forecast doesn’t say _________.
A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow
C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow
12.Do you know _________?
A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this is
C. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to
13.Could you tell me where _________?
A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape
14.They want to know _________?
A. where is the hospital B. how old are you
C. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying
15.Tony wanted to know _________.
A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking
B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking
C. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking
D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking
16.No one knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.
A. when B. whether C. where D. if
17.July didn’t know_________.
A. where is Tim’s father B. when was the first watch made
C. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch
18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.
A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do
19.We don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.
A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do
20.He asked me _________.
A. whether I find out the sender of the money
B. whether did I find out the sender of the money
C. whether the sender of the money found out
D. whether I found out the sender of the money
能力提高练习
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me ____the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _____.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
11. I don’t know _____ he will be back home.
A. who B. what C. when D. where
12. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
13. Do you still remember _______?
A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say
14. I can’t understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left
15. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
16. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone C. how far/ went D. how far / had run
17. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. what’s the matter
18. Can you tell me ___________?
A. what are you doing B. where do you study C. what you were doing D. what to do it
19. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen
20.No one tells us______， so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it
直击中考
1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _______. .
A. when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the way
C. where was this kind of plant found D. how do elephants communicate
2. ---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?
----Sorry. I don’t know _______. .
A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad
3. ---May I come in ? I’m sorry I am late.
----Come in, please. But could you please tell me _______. ?
A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then
C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school
4. ---Could you please tell me _______. ?
----Bus No.32 will take you right there.
A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like
C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum
5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______. .
A. where they have been B. where are they
C. where are they from D. where they have gone
6. ---Do you know _______the Capital Museum? ---Next Friday.
A. when will they visit B. when they will visit
C. when did they visit D. when they visited
7. He wanted to know _______the English party.
A. when will we have B. when we will have
C. when would we have D. when we would have
8. I want to know _______. .
A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport
C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at
9.---David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me _______. ?
----He is a doctor.
A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is
11. ---I wonder _______. without water ----About a week.
A. how long man can live B. how long can man live
C. when man can live D. when can man live
宾语从句巩固练习参考答案
1.参考答案D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。
2. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，where作从句的宾语。
3. 参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，where表示地点。
4. 参考答案A if表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。
5. 参考答案B 有or not， 所以用whether.
6. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序.
7. 参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序,who 作从句的宾语。
8. 参考答案A whose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。
9. 参考答案A 宾语从句用陈述语序。
10. 参考答案D 主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。
11. 参考答案C if连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。
12. 参考答案B whose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。
13. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序。
14. 参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。
15. 参考答案C 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，因为圣诞老人是之前就把礼物放进袜子里了，所以用过去完成时态。
16. 参考答案B 有or not就用whether.
17. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序, 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态。
18. 参考答案B 没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选B就是没有人做什么，us后面是宾语从句，而us是宾格不能作从句的主语，所以 C选项缺少宾语从句的主语，应选B.
19. 参考答案D我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。What做to do 的宾语。
20. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人，主句用过去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。
能力提高练习参考答案
1. 参考答案D. 前一个if引导宾语从句，表示选择“是否”，后一个if引导的是条件状语从句表示将来的动作，所以用主将从现。
2. 参考答案D. 我不知道后天他是否回来，宾语从句用陈述语序。
3. 参考答案D. where表示地点，最近的医院在哪里。
4. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序，已经说了是修理录音机，所以不用what, 而用how.
5. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，whom作照顾的宾语。
6. 参考答案A 主句用现在时态，从句不受限制，住在哪里用一般现在时，宾语从句用陈述语序。
7. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，从句是客观事实，用一般现在时。
8. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序。
9. 参考答案B宾语从句用陈述语序，what在从句中做主语。
10. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序，what在从句中做宾语。
11. 参考答案C. 因为后面的从句是说他将回家，所以前面应该是我不知道他什么时间回家。
12. 参考答案B. B是陈述语序，D可以用where you live或which you live in.
13. 参考答案B. 宾语从句用陈述语序，what在宾语从句中做said的宾语。
14. 参考答案A. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用现在的时态，从句根据事实用相应的时态。
15. 参考答案C. 客观真理用一般现在时态。
16. 参考答案D. 距离多远一般用how far，go是个瞬间动词，所以应该用可以表示持续动作的动词。
17. 参考答案A. 主句是过去时态，从句要用过去的相应时态，所以C、D排除。What作宾语从句的主语。
18. 参考答案D. what作动词不定式的真正宾语。
19. 参考答案C. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句是一般过去时态，从句也用过去时态。
20. 参考答案C. 因为不知怎样做，所以需要你的帮助，如果是不知道做什么，会有人告诉你做什么的。如果对主语提问，则特殊疑问句的语序不变。
点击中考参考答案
1.参考答案A. 我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣，但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
2. 参考答案 D. 布朗先生什么时候回中国？抱歉。我不知道他会在国外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
3. 参考答案A. 我可以进来吗？很抱歉我迟到了。请进，但请你告诉我为什么又迟到了吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
4. 参考答案 D. 你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆（我坐几路车能到河南博物馆）吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
5. 参考答案D. 彼得说怀特一家正在度假，但没有人知道他们去了哪里。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。They have been to他们去过某个地方，现在已经回来了；they have gone to他们去了某个地方，现在还没有回来。
6. 参考答案B. 你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗？下周五。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
7. 参考答案D. 你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应的过去时态，宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
8. 参考答案A. 我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
9. 参考答案D. David,看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么的吗？他是医生。询问职业用what；宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
10. 参考答案C. 你能告诉我蒂姆在哪里吗？班主任在找他。对不起，我不知道。但是他刚才在这里。动词tell后接的宾从应用陈述语序，just now提示应该用was.
11. 参考答案B. 金太太留口信了吗？是的，她想知道这个周日你是否跟她一起去购物。
12. 参考答案A. 我是一个青少年的妈妈。有时我不知道我的儿子最需要什么。爱和理解。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。Love and understanding.故用what.
13. 参考答案A. 我想知道，没有水人能活多久。大约一周。About a week知询问应用how long，宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
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