Unit 1 The human body
一、单词复习
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名词：appearance assistance authority boredom concentration confusion employee expression gesture *hostility impression respect westerner |
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动词：avoid communicate consider glance improve last maintain prefer remark remind sigh signal stare |
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形容词：well-dressed senior *subtle rude |
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副词：cheerfully *downwards |
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词组：without hesitation eye contact lack of in authority |
二、拓展词组
She glanced at the watch and hurried to the office．她匆匆看了一下手表就匆忙地赶去办公室。
He saw at a glance that she had been crying．他一眼就看出来她哭过了。
She is three years senior to me．她比我大三岁。
I prefer tea to coffee．比起喝咖啡，我更喜欢喝茶。
I prefer playing basketball to watching TV．比起看电视，我更喜欢打篮球
He prefers to rent a car rather than buy one．他宁愿租一辆车也不愿意买一辆。
The modern city left a good impression on the tourists.这座现代化的城市给游客们留下了美好的印象。
The girl impressed me with her kindness.这个女孩的和善给我留下了深刻的印象。
The English teacher impressed on the students the importance of practising speaking English every day. 老师使学生们牢记每天操练英语口语的重要性。
The children playing in the park reminded the old man of his happy childhood.
Please remind me to take medicine tomorrow morning. 明早请提醒我吃药。
My father still kept in contact with some of his classmates from university。父亲和他大学里的一些同学仍然保持着联系。
She Succeeded in making contact with her uncle in France after twenty years。二十年后，她成功地和在法国的舅舅取得了联系。
She is considering going abroad for further study．她正在考虑出国进修。
You are considered as my best friend．我把你看作是我最好的朋友。
To solve this problem，we must take all these factors into consideration．为了解决这个问题，我们必须考虑到所有因素。
She concentrated on preparing for the exam．
They all avoided mentioning that name. 他们都避免提及那名字。
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总结： 1. glance at瞥一眼；匆匆看一眼 2. at a glance一眼就…… 3. be senior to比…年长(级别或地位高) 4. prefer A to B喜欢A胜过喜欢B 5. prefer doing A to doing B比起做B来更喜欢做A 6. prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿……而不… 7. give/make/leave a ... impression on somebody 给某人留下…的印象 8. impress somebody with something 用…给某人留下深刻的印象 9. impress something on somebody 使意识到（重要性或严重性） 10. impress on somebody something 使某人牢记… 11. remind somebody of something 使…想起 12. remind somebody to do something提醒某人做某事 13. remind somebody that …提醒某人… 14. keep in contact with 与....保持联系 15. make contact with与……取得联系 16. lose contact with与……失去联系 17. consider．．．(as／to be)…认为…是……；把…看作是…… 18. consider doing something考虑做某事 19. take…into consideration考虑到…… 20. concentrate on／upon集中；全神贯注 21. avoid doing sth避免/逃避做某事 |
三、句型
It’s the way you stand and sit.
A lady who dressed well came in.
As a matter of fact, a westerner might consider a lack of eye contact as a lack of interest.
In Spain, Italy and Greece, where people stand close together talking to each other, eye contact is more frequent and lasts longer.
Avoiding eye contact might be considered impolite, but staring at others is also considered rude and should be avoided.
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复习定语从句(上过暑假课的学生) 关系代词：_____________________________________________________________ 关系副词：_____________________________________________________________
1. Is this the book ___________you wanted to borrow last time? 2. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child. 3. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month. 4. The reason ___________she didn’t come to Tom’s birthday is that her mother won’t let her. 5. I will never forget the day ___________we spent together. 6. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of ___________wanted to buy it. 7. I don't like the way_________ _________ you solve such problems. 8. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old. 9. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing. 10. This is the very film __________ I've long wished to see. 11. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _________ was beyond his wildest dream. 12. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ___________beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 13. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity __________ sight matters more than hearing. 14. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, __________ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. 15. This is the last time __________we have come to take the examination this year. 【Keys】 1.that/which 2.where 3.As 4.why 5.that/which 6.whom 7.in which 8.whose 9.as 10.that 11.which 12.where 13.where 14.which 15.when |
四、课堂练习
（一）分析下列句子的句子成分。
Debbie and Simon looked up as a well-dressed lady entered.
They are sitting in the office.
Mr. Young, a senior employee, was standing there.
You don’t look very happy.
Communicating is more than speaking and listening.
The way you look at people doesn’t give them a good impression.
Your body language is telling people to go away. Debbie’s body language is making them feel welcome.
Simon decided to improve his body language.
Without hesitation she went to Simon and gave him a big smile.
A few moments later, she left, still smiling.
【Keys】
主谓+时间状语从句 2.主谓+状语 3.主，同位语，+谓+状 4.主系表 5.主系表
主+定从+双宾 7.主谓宾宾补 8.主谓宾 9.状+主谓状+并列谓语+双宾
10.状+主谓+状
（二）选词填空，根据需要做适当变形。
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communicate； opposed; show respect for; in authority; maintain fix one’s eyes on; confuse; hostility; signal; remark; |
1. The proposed new airport will be strongly _________________________ by the local residents.
2. We _________________________ people by using different gestures.
3. She _________________________ us that everything was all right.
4. The government has taken a measure _________________________ the stability of prices.
5. The first steps into the workforce are often the most _________________________.
6. They successfully___________________ their knowledge to others.
7. It is so encouraging to hear this__________________.
8. Those _________________________ should try their best to protect our citizens.
9. If a child lives with _________________________ he learns to fight.
10. _________________________ the road and we will be much safer.
【Keys】
opposed 2.show respect for 3.signaled 4.to maintain 5.confusing 6. communicate 7.remark 8.in authority 9.hostility 10.Fix your eyes on
（三）翻译
1. 中看的鞋子不一定耐穿。(last)
2. 由于缺乏资金和人力，地铁修建不得不推迟。(lack)
3. 为避免误会，你最好向她解释清楚这个问题。(explain)
4. 即使周围响声很大，他也能集中精力看书。(concentrate)
5. 应该非常当心以避免造成家庭事故。(avoid)
6. 我们学习的越多，将来就能为国家工作的越好。(the more..., the better...)
7. 据说学习一门语言的最好方法是和说那种语言的人交际。(communicate)
8. 使他惊奇的是送他生日蛋糕的不是他的子女 ，而是他的学生。(not...but...)
9. 我们把他看作生物领域的权威。(consider)
10.这张旧照片让我想起童年的生活。(remind)
【Keys】
1. Good-looking shoes do not necessarily last long.
2. The building of the subway has to be put off for lack of funds and labor.
3. To avoid misunderstanding, you had better explain the problem to her clearly.
4. He can concentrate on his books even if it is very noisy around him.
5. Care should be taken to avoid causing home accidents.
6. The more we learn, the better we will do for our country.
7. It is said that the best way to learn a foreign language is to communicate with the people who speak it.
8. To his surprise, the birthday cake was sent not by his children but by his students.
9. We consider him as an authority in the field of biology.
10.The old photo reminds me of my childhood’s life.
（四）词汇积累（提高题）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(2012高考)
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A. maintained B. serious C. indications D. figures E. anxious F. concern G crisis H. decided I. available J. reversed |
Film goers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.
Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.
Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told the mes that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight 42 .
"There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale."
He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.
A trial scheme（试行方案） with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realized the number of calories in a product.
A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr. Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.
Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.
【Keys】
D 36.A 37.D 38.C 39.B 40.A 41.1 42.G 43.F 44.H
课后巩固练习：
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
A. courage B. increase C. effects D. attention E. extent
F. unknown G. strong H. find I. practical J. trouble
The desire to make explorations（探险） is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a ___37__ wish to go. A large part of human history is connected with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising __38___ and patience to look into ___39__ regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make known the unknown. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the outer space receives their __40___.
Why should man take the __41__ of conquering（征服） space? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will result. But one knows, from past experience in other areas, that man will surely see and discover new things in space that will __42___ our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will ___43__ its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the ___44__ of space and the space flight environment on him, will be very valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find ___45__ uses in everyday life in some way. Many areas will benefit from them, including communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.
Reading Comprehension
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Educational attitudes in a country may be a means by which its basic cultural values are reflected. To___46__ the American higher education as an example, university classrooms share certain ___47__ features though they vary from course to course in some ___48___.
All the students are not only allowed but also ___49___ to have chances to take an active part in class. ____50__, teachers often expect independent learning ___51__ their students. It will be most __52____ if a student can complete the assignment without too much ___53____ his or her instructions. These common __54___ in American university classrooms actually show the basic American ___55____, especially self-reliance（依靠自己） and equality of opportunity.
46. A. set B. follow C. take D. make
47. A. similar B. different C. interested D. unsatisfactory
48. A. work B. aspects C. terms D. occasions
49. A. prevented B. persuaded C. forced D. encouraged
50. A. However B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise
51. A. with B. for C. of D. to
52. A. appreciated B. obliged C. ignored D. neglected
53. A. expense in B dependence upon C. absence from D. interest in
54. A. features B. senses C. problems D. experiences
55. A. worth B. customs C. feelings D. values
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer （扫盲志愿者）. The training I received, though excellent, didn't not tell me how it was to work with a real student, however. When I began to discover what other people’s lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.
My first student Marie was a 44-year-old single mother of three. In the first lesson, I found out she walked two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she didn't know which bus to take. When I told her I would get her a bus schedule, she told me it would not help because she couldn't read it. She said she also had difficulty once she got to the supermaket because she couldn't always remember what she needed. Also, she could only recognize items by sight, so if the product had a different label, she would not recognize it as the product she wanted.
As we worked together, learning how to read built Marie’s self-confidence. She began to make rapid progress and was even able to take the bus to the supermarket. After this successful trip, she reported how self-confident she felt. At the end of the program, she began helping her youngest son, Tony, a shy first grader, with his reading. I found that helping Marie to build her self-confidence was more rewarding than anything I had ever done before.
As a literacy volunteer, I learned a great deal about teaching and helping others. In fact, I may have learned more from the experience than Marie did.
56. What did the writer do last summer?
A. She worked in the supermarket.
B. She helped someone to learn to read.
C. She helped some single mothers.
D. She was trained by a literacy volunteer.
57. Why didn't Marie go to the supermarket by bus at first?
A. Because she liked to walk to the supermarket.
B. Because she didn't have a bus schedule.
C. Because she couldn't afford the bus ticket.
D. Because she couldn't find the right bus.
58. How did Marie use to find the goods she wanted in the supermarket?
A. She knew where the goods were in the supermarket.
B. She asked others to take her to the right place.
C. She managed to find the goods by their looks.
D. She remembered the names of the goods.
59. Which of the statements is TRUE about Marie?
A. She could do many things she had not been able to before.
B. She was able to read stories with the help of her son.
C. She decided to continue her studies in school.
D. She helped to build up my self-confidence.
B
Get Smarter--- in a week!
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Wednesday |
Go to Yoga class, and talk to someone you don't know. |
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Thursday |
Take a different route to work; use your computer mouse with your wrong” hand for an hour. |
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Friday |
Avoid Caffeine（咖啡因） or alcohol; watch a quiz show on TV. |
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Saturday |
Brush your teeth with your “wrong” hand and take a shower with your eyes closed; memorize your shopping list. |
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Sunday |
Do the crossword puzzle（字谜游戏） in your paper and take a quick walk. |
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Monday |
Have fish for dinner; go to school or work by bike or on foot. |
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Tuesday |
Select unfamiliar words from the dictionary and work them into converstaions. |
It seems too simple: watching a quiz show, doing a crosswords, remembering telephone numbers and taking a shower with your eyes closed. Yet these “brain exercises” can make us all up to 40 percent cleverer within seven days, according to a BBC program shown last week.
“IQ has traditionally been thought of as a fixed meausre of someone’s intelligence,” said Philip Morrow, executive producer of the program, Get Smarter in a Week. “But an increasing body of scientific opinion holds that you can take steps in your life to actually improve your brainpower. You can do it by, for example, enhancing your memory, working on your spatial（空间的） awareness, doing things differently and eating healthily. Scientists say you will see noticeable improvements within a week.” The program put scientists’ growing belief that lifestyle changes influence intelligence to test.
The BBC production team earlier did trial runs among 15 volunteers, who each followed a “get smarter” schedule for a week. What they found was that some performed up to 40 percent better than in the initial assessment, 10 percent.
“This program shows everyone can get smarter, and feel better, if they do these simple things,” said Morrow.
60. This BBC program is trying to prove the idea that ________.
A. brainpower is what one is born with and can not be enhanced.
B. one can improve his brainpower by living in a different lifestyle.
C. once a person’s IQ is measured, it is fixed and will never change.
D. everyone’s brainpower is determined by his own lifestyle.
61. If you do what is suggested in the table, all of the following may happen EXCEPT that you will _________.
A. become sharper in mind B. become confident
C. get better at making decisions D. lose weight in a short period
62. Suppose the team has worked out a 50-page Get Smarter Guide, which suggestion will probably be included?
A. Watch soap operas before going to bed.
B. Have fast food five days a week.
C. Move around your home, eyes covered.
D. Take an elevator to the office every day.
C
Nearly a quarter of British workers plug in their MP3 players to listen to music while on the job--- sparking lively debate over whether they should be banned, a study said.
Over 30 percent of companies have outlawed using devices like the ipod in the workplace, according to Woods Bagot, an international design practice.
“By wearing the highly-visible, white headphones, they’re…sending a signal to colleagues that they don't want to be bothered,” said Simon Pole, head of a company.
According to the study, 22 percent of workers spend an average of three hours per day listening to MP3 players. But some argue that the trend is only natural: previously（先前的） workers were physically separated by walls, whereas offices are increasingly open-plan nowadays, pushing them to erect（建立） new barriers.
“The MP3 player is the simplest way to create your own office,” said the company. And Cary Cooper, professor of organization psychology at Lancaster University, and author of “Shut up and Listen: The Truth about How to Communicate at Work,” said bans were counter-productive. “Employers are wrong to ban MP3 players from the workplace. Bosses shouldn't care about how employees accomplish their objectives or whether they want to engross（全神贯注于） themselves in MP3 players --- as long as the job gets done,” he added.
63. What did the debate about according to the study?
A. Whether it is allowed for workers to take ipods to work.
B. Whether communication among workers is needed in office.
C. Whether bosses care about the way employees accomplish their goals.
D. Whether it should be banned to listen to music while on the job.
64. Who may approve of the using of MP3 player at work according to the report?
A. Woods Bagot B. Simon Pole C. Cary Cooper D. Nobody
65. What does the word “outlaw” probably mean?
A. Forbid B. Permit C. Protect D. Declare
66. Why do some people believe that listening to MP3 players while working is natural?
A. Workers need barriers to separate themselves from others.
B. It may help to improve the workers’ efficiency.
C. It is important to learn to communicate at work.
D. Workers should not be bothered while working.
Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.缺少睡眠会使你在上课时难以集中精力。（lack n.）
2.她瞥了一下那本字典的价格，二话没说就买了下来。(hesitation)
3.最近的一次博物馆的参观给这些外国学生留下了深刻的印象。(impression)
4.一些学生宁愿向他人寻求问题的答案，而不愿自己思考。(prefer)
5.在中国文化中，吃月饼被认为是庆祝中秋节最好的方式之一。(consider)
参考答案
37------45 GAFDJ BHCI
46------50 CABDB 51------55 CABAD
56------59 BDCA 60------62 BDC 63------66 DCAA
1.Lack of sleep makes/will make it difficult for you to concentrate (your attention/energies) in class.
2.She glanced at the price of the new dictionary and bought it without any hesitation.
3.The recent/latest/last visit to the museum gave this foreign students a deep impression.
4.Some students prefer to turn/go to others for the answer/ask others for the answer rather than think by themselves.
5. In Chinese culture, eating moon-cakes is considered (to be) one of the best ways to celebrate the Mid-autumn Festival.
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