上海牛津英语高一读写作业练习1
I. Grammar
25.Ledger was nominated for an Oscar for his performance as a gay cowboy in "Brokeback Mountain," ______ he met Michelle Williams, who played his wife in the film.
A．when B. which C. where D. that
26. _____ completion of all the stations, the firemen can arrive at any of the stadiums in two minutes after an emergency call
A. At B. upon C. by D. for
27.As the party season is over, people feel ______ because they have to go back to real life – work and ______; and they may be unhappy with their body image after bingeing(饮酒作乐) on booze, chocolates, and other food at Christmas-time.
A. stress; commute B. stressed; commuting
C. stressing; commuting D. stressed; commuted
29.______ you move toward your big picture goals, there are small actions that can help you move forward.
A. Since B. If C. While D. As
29.The household registration (hukou) system should be scrapped in three to five years _______ farmers enjoy the same status as urbanities, a government-sponsored expert group has suggested
A. in that B. so that C. when D. where
30. In the past 30 years, the country's overall sea level has risen 90 mm with the average offshore surface temperature _____ by 0.9C, said State Oceanic Administration (SOA) spokesman Li Haiqing
A. goes up B. going up C. has gone up D. went up
31. Outgoing people tend to be overweight, _____ anxious types are more likely to be thin, according to Japanese researchers who examined the links between personality and body mass index.
A. while B. when C. which D. that
32. People ______ as having the most anxious personalities were twice as likely as the least anxious to be underweight, or have a BMI of less than 18.5, the study found.
A. ranks B. ranked C. ranking D. to rank
33．You are never too old to learn. This is ______right for a man who started his ballet dream at the age of 79.
A. never B. never very C. never too D. very
34．One in five males said he would lie to his girlfriend to go to the pub and almost a quarter of men have told a partner she looked good in an outfit, despite________ the opposite.
A. think B. to think C. thought D. thinking
35．Germany's University of Heidelberg says a researcher has uncovered evidence _____ apparently confirms the identity of the woman behind the Mona Lisa's famous smile
A．. that B. what C. who D. whom
36．With 1.98 children per woman, France's fertility rate is now ahead of Ireland on 1.90, according to the latest government figures, and _________above the European Union average of 1.52
A. very B. well C. much D. far
37.Earthworms occur ______ adequate moisture and food, and the necessary soil conditions are found.
A. and B. however C. in which D. wherever
38 . It’s said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There ______be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
39.The results showed that outgoing people were______ than other people to have a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25, a WHO definition of overweight, said Masako Kakizaki of Tohoku University, who led the analysis.
A. likely B. far likely C. far more likely D. more likelier
40. I think you’ve got to the point ______ a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
II. Reading
Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Guide Dogs
For most dog owners, the expression "work like a dog" doesn't make much sense. But some dogs happily perform very demanding jobs for much of their life, putting in a full day's work just like the rest of us. Guide dogs, one of the most familiar sorts of working dog, provide an invaluable service to humans. Every day, they help their masters get from place to place more safely.
What Guide Dogs Do
Guide dogs help blind or visually impaired people get around in the world. In most countries, they are allowed to anyplace where the public is allowed, so they can help their handlers be in any place they might want to go to. To do this, a guide dog must know how to:
Keep on a direct route, ignoring distractions such as smells, other animals and people
Maintain a steady pace, to the left and just ahead of the handler
Stop at all curbs until told to proceed
Turn left and right, move forward and stop on command
Recognize and avoid obstacles that the handler won't be able to fit through (narrow passages and low overheads)
Stop at the bottom and top of stairs until told to proceed
Bring the handler to elevator buttons
Lie quietly when the handler is sitting down
Help the handler to board and move around buses, subways and other forms of public Vehicles
Obey a number of verbal commands
Additionally, a guide dog must know to disobey any command that would put the handler in danger. This ability, called selective disobedience, is perhaps the most amazing thing about guide dogs that they can balance obedience with their own assessment of the situation.
This capacity is extremely important at crosswalks, where the handler and dog must work very closely together to navigate the situation safely. Dogs cannot distinguish the color of traffic lights, so the handler must make the decision of when it is safe to proceed across the road. The handler listens to the flow of traffic to figure out when the light has changed and then gives the command "forward". If there is no danger, the dog proceeds across the road in a straight line. If there are cars approaching, the dog waits until the danger is gone and then follows the forward command.
On the Job and After Hours
Guide dogs enjoy their work immensely, and they get a lot of satisfaction from a job well done, but there is no room for typical dog fun during the work day. Games, treats and praise cannot distract the dog from helping its handler navigate the course. Even when the handler doesn't need assistance, a guide dog on the job is trained to ignore distractions and keep still. This is because a guide dog must be able to come to the handler's workplace or be in public places without creating a disturbance.
When you see a guide dog on the job, it is extremely important that you recognize that it is at work. Petting or talking to the dog breaks its concentration, which impairs the handler's ability to get around in his or her surroundings. People are very impressed with guide dogs and so we have a natural inclination to praise them, but the best thing you can do to help a guide dog is to leave it alone so that it can pay attention to its surroundings and maintain its focus on its handler. Guiding is very complicated, and it requires a dog's undivided attention.
When a guide dog gets home at the end of the day, however, it will play and soak up praise just like an ordinary pet. Guide dogs make the distinction between work and play based on their lead harness: When the harness is on, they must stay completely focused; when it comes off, it's play time. Guide dogs work very hard every day, but they lead extremely happy lives, full of lots of attention and stimulation. Dogs only end up working as guide dogs if they absolutely love the work. In fact, many handlers report that their dogs leap enthusiastically into the harness every morning!
Training
People often raise Golden Retrievers(猎犬),German shepherds or Labradors(拉布拉多猎狗) as candidates of guide dogs. Once a dog is grown up, socialized and well trained, it goes to the guide dog school for evaluation.
In some schools, if a dog is suited for training but not quite ready, it may go back to the puppy(幼犬) raiser for a month or so to mature. If a dog is simply not suited for training, the school will work to place the dog in another line of work, such as tracking, or find it a permanent home, usually offering it to the puppy raiser first. At Guiding Eyes for the Blind, only the top 50 percent of the puppies will stay with the school. So the school places a little over 400 puppies with raisers each year, needing only 200 dogs for the training program. Of that 200,a small percentage will become breeding stock, for Guiding Eyes or another school, and the rest will be considered for the training program.
Training is a rigorous process for both the instructors and the dogs, but it's also a lot of fun. To make sure the dogs are up to the challenge, most schools test them extensively before beginning the training. The tests are designed to assess the dogs' self-confidence level, since only extremely confident dogs will be able to deal with the pressure of guiding instruction. If a dog passes the tests, it begins the training program right away.
Different schools have different programs, but typically, training will last four to five months. To make sure the dogs master all the complex guide skills, the instructors have to introduce them to each idea gradually. Once they have introduced what is expected of the dog, training is essentially a matter of rewarding correct performance and punishing incorrect performance. This works with dogs because they are pack animals and have a natural need to please an authority figure. The instructor, or later the handler, is simply stepping into the place of the alpha dog, the leader of the pack.
Unlike ordinary obedience training, guide dog training does not use food as a reward for good performance. This is because a guide dog must be able to work around food without being distracted by it. Instead, instructors use praise or other reward systems to encourage correct performance. The standard means of correction is pulling on the dogs leash, so that it pulls a training collar, giving the dog a slight pinch(捏，掐).Using this basic reward/punishment system, instructors work through the necessary skills for guiding.
Forming a Team
The final stage of a guide dog's training is learning to work with its new master. Guide dog training schools work very hard to match handlers with guide dogs according to the compatibility of their personalities. A very energetic dog typically does well with a young handler, while an older handler may need an especially careful partner. Schools often have a special gathering to commemorate the time when a new class of guide dogs finally meets their masters. Often, the dogs' puppy raiser attends and meets with the new master as well. This is perhaps the most emotional time in the entire training process.
After this introduction, guide dog instructors typically spend a month helping the new team learn to work together. Many schools have dormitories for the handlers to stay in during this final stage of training.
If the handler has never used a guide dog before, a lot of the instructors work at this point are actually people training, not dog training. The handler has to learn to read the dogs movements, so he or she knows when the dog is turning or when the dog is stopping for a crosswalk or stairs. Additionally, the handler has to learn all the commands the dog knows, and must get some practice walking with the dog. The dog has to make the transition from obeying the instructor to recognizing the handler as its new master. The handler and the dog spend a lot of this time just getting to know each other, so that they are comfortable enough to work as a team. By the time they graduate from the guide dog school, they can read each others every movement.
1. When a handler and a guide dog walk on the street________,- .
A) the handler must walk straight B) the dog must try to walk straight
C) both the handler and the dog should walk straight D) neither of them has to walk straight
2. Like other dogs, guide dogs any command from the handler.
A) are supposed to ignore B) are not supposed to ignore
C) are supposed to obey D) are not supposed to obey
3. Which of the following statements is not true?
A) The handler and the dog must work very closely together.
B) Dogs cannot distinguish the color of traffic lights.
C) If there is any danger at crosswalks, a guide dog should notify the handler.
D) If there is no danger, the dog proceeds across the road in a straight line.
4. In the work, guide dogs will enjoy .
A) the fun common dogs have B) their work a lot
C) the fun and praise common dogs have D) the satisfaction
5. When you see a guide dog work very well, the best thing you can do for it is to .
A) praise it B) reward it C) leave it alone D) feed it
6. A guide dog tells the time of play apart from that of work by .
A) the handler's command B) its lead harness
C) the handler's whistle D) its instinct
7. When a puppy dog grows up, it is evaluated at the guide dog school to see .
A) if it is suited for guiding B) if it is ready for guiding
C) if it is suited for breeding D) if it is suited for training
8. Different from ordinary obedience training, guide dog training introduces praise or other reward systems instead of -_________________ .
9. At the end of training, the guide dog school will make sure that the
dogs work well with _________________ .
10. Before graduation, the handler and the guide dog should spend time learning to read ____________ .
Part III
Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
一到那儿就请联系我。(contact)
他工作面试失败了，因为它缺乏自信。(lack)
这影片使他回想起在巴黎的所见所闻。(remind)
刘胡兰宁死不屈。(prefer)
我认为和他们讨论这件事没有用。(consider)
上海的快速发展给外国游客留下了深刻印象。(impression/ impress)
Test 1
Keys: 25-29CBBDB 30-34 BACCD 35-40 ABDCCA
Reading 1-7 BDCBCBD 8. food 9. the new masters 10. each other’s every moment
He failed the job interview because of lack of confidence.
Please contact me as soon as you get there.
The film reminded him of what he had seen and heard in Paris.
Liu Hulan preferred death to surrender. (preferred to die rather than surrender)
I consider it useless discussing the matter with them.
The fast development of Shanghai has left a deep impression on foreign visitors.
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