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2020届中考英语语法专练：定语从句讲解及配套真题专练

  2020届中考语法专练之定语从句讲解及配套真题专练
定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

关系词		先行词	从句成分	例句	备注
关系代词	who	人	主语	Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?	whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
	whom	人	宾语	Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
	whose	人，物	定语	I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
	that	人，物	主语，宾语	A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
	which	物	主语，宾语	The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
	as	人，物	主语，宾语	He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.	as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词	when	时间	时间状语	I will never forget the day when we met there.	可用on which
	where	地点	地点状语	This is the house where I was born.	可用in which
	why	原因	原因状语	I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.	可用for which

II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：

情况	用法说明	例句
只用that的情况	1． 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 2． 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3． 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4． 先行词既指人又指物时 5． 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6． 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时	1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
只用which, who, whom的情况	1． 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2． 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3． 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。	He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.

III. as与which的区别：

定语从句	区别	例句
限制性定语从句中	名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which	He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中	as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。	They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.

IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

类别	语法意义及特征	例句
限制性定语从句	对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。	The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句	对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。	His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.

定语从句

1. The charities have helped more children with the money _______ people raise. (2019.江苏淮安)

A. who B. what C. where D. which

2.Du Fuguo is a hero  is known to millions of Chinese people. （2019福建）

A. who B. which C. what

3. The movie ____ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth. (2019甘肃兰州)

A. who B. which C. where D. when

4. —Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ? (2019甘肃天水)

—Yes.  It's the best one______________ I have ever seen.

A. that       B. which       C.what        D.it

5.I prefer music_____has great lyrics（2019甘肃敦煌).
    A.who          B. whose       C .that        D./

6. Not all children ____ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science. (2019广东)

A. whom B. which C. who D. whose

7. —Hey, Anna. Would you like to see The White Storm with me?

—You mean, the new police story _____was filmed by Chen Musheng? (2019广西玉林)

A. who        B. what         C. whose     D. which

8. Sweet wormwood(青蒿)is a common plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman _________

used the special power of the plant to save __________lives. （2019 贵州安顺）

    A. which, millions of                   B. who, millions of

    C. whose, million of                    D. who, million of

9.—Do you know the boy over there?

—The one is holding a ball? Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil. (2019 河南)

A. what B. which C. who D.不填

10. The book ___ I read last night was fantastic. (2019黑龙江大庆)

A. that    B. what   C. whose   D.who

11. —Have you got ready for the soccer game?

—Yes. I’ve done everything ____ I can to win the game.

A. who B. that  C. which

12. —Tomorrow is Father’s Day.  What’s your surprise for your father?

  —The first thing____ I will do is to make a card for him. (2019湖北黄冈)

  A. who           B. where            C. whose          D. that

13．China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world. （2019湖南长沙）

A．who B．which C．what

14. All the classmates enjoyed the cake _________I made at the party. It was really delicious(2019湖南郴州)

A. that                   B. who                C. what

15.Mr.Brown is a teacher         is strict with all is students. （2019吉林）

A.which          B.who             C.where

16. Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat_____tell you your weight? (2019呼和浩特)

     A. /                B. who                    C. whom                D. that

17. –Do you know the man ____________ spoke at the meeting just now?

   - No, I don’t know. (2019山东滨州)B

A. what B. who C. which D. whose

18．（1分）﹣﹣Frank， look! Who are the children under the tree___waiting in a line？

﹣﹣They are the students from No． 1 Primary School．（　2019年四川省达州　）

A．that are B．where are C．which is D．who is

19. Success always belongs to those        have tried their best to make their dreams come true. (2019四川眉山)

A. who B. whom    C. whose   D. which

20. The book ______was written by him is very interesting. ( 2019四川内江)

   A. who       B. whom      C. which        D. /

21. Peppa Pig (《小猪佩奇》) is a British cartoon _________has been popular in China and is

much loved by little children and their parents. （2019山东临沂）

A. who                     B. which                     C. /

答案：1.DABAC    6.CDBCA   11.BDBAB   16. DBAAC    21B

 

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