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2021年中考英语语法备考训练02 代词

       复合不定代词

        

                 疑问代词(who whom those what which

                 关系代词(who whose whom that which

                 相互代词(each other one another

                代词It的特殊用法

                           

考点一  人称代词

知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!

一、 代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。

二、 代词的用法

1. 人称代词:人称代词是指人的代词,有性、数、格的区别。表示” “” “” “我们” “你们” “他们。请看下表:

   

     数

       格

  人 称   

单    数

复    数

主    格

宾   格

主   格

宾   格

  第一人称

we

me

we

us

  第二人称

you

you

you

you

  第三人称

he

him

they

them

(1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如:

She is my English teacher.

(2) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如:

They don’t want me to go there alone.

    Don’t worry. I can look after her.

(3) 宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。

例如:--- Who’s that?    --- It’s me.

注意:人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如:

        You cannot go into the hall with slippers.

不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。

      人称代的主格作表语,一般都在正中的谈话中, 表示强调。例如:

        It was he who took away the necklace.

 是他拿走了那条项链。

      人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。 例如:

        The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston.

轮船要起航了。 这时她第一次去波士顿。

      It作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如:

        It is about 10 kilometers from here.

离这儿大约有10公里。

      It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语,来代替由不定式,动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语, 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如:

      It is not easy to learn English well.

      It is good for you taking a walk after supper.

      I found it difficult to sleep.

      英语里当主语是并列的几个人时,人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同, I 在最后, you 在最前;但是, 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反,I 在最前, you在最后。 例如:

      You, he and I are all the winners.

      I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.

考点二:物主代词

物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。

         词  义

 类  型

我的

你的

他的

她的

它的

我们的

你们的

//它们的

形容词性物主代词

my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

名 词性物主代词

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

1)形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语, 后面跟名词。例如:

To our surprise, he has passed the exam.

 (2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征, 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如:

     May I use your bike? Mine is at school.  (作主语)

     Whose glasses are these?  They are hers.  ( 作表语)

     My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours?    (作宾语)

3)名词性物主代词可以与of 连用,相当于”of+名词所有格表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩 例如:

A friend of ours are waiting for us.

He is a friend of mine

考点三:反身代词

反身代词:用来表示某人自己的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示:

        词  义

 数

()自己

()自己

/ / 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己

单 数

myself

yourself

himself

herself

itself

复 数

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

 

 1)反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如:

       Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语)

       He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语)

       You’d better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)

(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配,例如:

teach oneself 自学

learn by oneself 自学

enjoy oneself过得愉快;玩得高兴

help oneself to 随便吃/

come to oneself 苏醒

hurt oneself 受伤

by oneself 独自

考点四 不定代词

初中阶段常用的普通不定代词,表格如下:

some;any

few;little

none;

one;

other

many;much

either;neither

each

both;all

2.普通不定代词的用法

(1)someany

someany均表示一些,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词;some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。如:

There aren't any students in the classroom.

Look! Some boys are playing football.

-Would you like some coffee?

-Yes, please.

(2)manymuch

many修饰可数名词复数,还可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。much修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。如:

How many bottles of water do you need?

He never eats so much breakfast.

(3)eitherneither

either 指两个之中的一个,neither指两个人或物中一个也不,常构成固定结构either/neither of+名词(或代词)的复数+谓语动词;当either...or...neither...nor...连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:

Neither of the books is good.

Neither you nor he is wrong.

(4)bothall

both表示两者都,常与and连用;all三者或三者以上都,常与of连用。如:

Both she and I are students.

Both plans are good.

Jim, Lucy and Lily all agree to stay here.

(5)eachevery(限定词)

eachevery都表示每一each强调个体,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;every强调整体情况,修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外,each指两个或两个以上的人或事物,而every指三个或三个以上的人或事物。如:

There are trees on each side of the road.

Every student in Class 5 passed the exam.

Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.

We each wear a yellow T-shirt.

(6) 区别other;the other;others;the others;another

不定代词

意义

用法说明

other

另外的

只作定语,常与复数名词连用;但如果前面有the,some,any,each,every,no,my,your,his等,则可与单数名词连用

the other

两者中的另一个

常与one连用,构成“one...,the other…”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示其余的全部

others

另一些

泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语,可以构成some...others...

the others

其余的

特指其余所有的人或物

another

另一个

指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作限定词或代词

3.复合不定代词

(1)初中阶段常用的复合不定代词,列表如下:

Somebody

(某人)

anybody

(任何人)

nobody

(没有人)

everybody

(每个人)

someone

(某人)

anyone

(任何人)

no one

(没有人)

Everyone

(每个人)

something

(某事)

anything

(任何事)

nothing

(没有东西)

everything

(每一件事)

如:

Do you have anything special to tell me today?

今天你有什么特别的事告诉我吗?

Listen to me , boys and girls . I have something to tell you .

同学们,听我说,我有一些事情要告诉你们。

(2)当句子陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everybody, nobody, anyone等时,其反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词they;当句子陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如every-thing, anything, something, nothing等时,其反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。如:

Everybody is here, aren't they?

Everything is ready, isn't it?

(3)当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词 something,

everything,everyone等时,形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。如:

Xiaoming, he has something important to tell you.

小明,他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。

Can you find anyone else?

你能再找其他人吗?

(3) everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every one既可指人也可指物,还可以和of短语连用。

如:I'd like everyone to be happy.

我希望人人都幸福。

I have kept every one of her letters.

我把她的每一封信都保存了下来。

考点五 指示代词和it的用法

指示代词:表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表

这,这个

那,那个

这些

那些

This

that

these

those

     指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如:

     Those are my parents. ( 作主语)

     Throw it like that.   (作表语)

     The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语)

      These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)

注意:(1)前面刚刚提到过的东西, 常用that, those 表示。 例如:

          I’m sorry to hear that.

( 2 )下文将要提到的事情, 可用these, this  表示, 起启下的作用。 例如:

Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.

(3)this/these

近指。如:

This is my pen.

These are my books.

指下文要提到的事。如:

Please remember this: No pain, no gain.

(2)that/those

远指。如:

That's her bike.

指前面刚刚提到过的事。如:

He was ill . That was why he didn't go to school .

3.打电话时用this介绍自己,that询问对方。如:

This is Mike speaking.

我是迈克。

Who's that ?

你是谁?

4.代词it

(1)指代前面提到过的事物。如:

The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jim's.

(2)代替指示代词thisthat。如:

——What's that?

——It is a pencil

(3)指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如:

Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.

(4)指代时间或季节。如:

——What's the time now?

- It's ten o'clock .

(5)指代天气。如:

——What's the weather like today?

——It's sunny .

(6)指代距离。如:

How far is it from your school to your home?

5.it,one,that作替代词时的区别

(1)it特指上文提到的同一事物。如:

The book is mine. It's very interesting.

这本书是我的,它很有趣。

(2)one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不物。如:

——Who has a pen?谁有钢笔?

—I have one.我有一支。

(3)that常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以重复。如:

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter

冬天北京的天气比广州的天气冷。

考点六:疑问代词

疑问代词:用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有:who, what, which, whose, whom, 在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。

作主语: What make you so happy?

作宾语: Who / Whom is your manager talking with?

在口语中, 作宾语时 whowhom可以通用,但在介词后面只能用whom.例如:

About whom they are talking just now?

作定语: Which subject do you like best?

作表语: What’s your mother.

考点七:相互代词

相互代词:用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有:each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如:

             We should help each other.

             The villagers have looked after one another these year.

             相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。 例如:

             We put the presents in each other’s stocking.

题组训练代词填空

1__________of us went to see the film because we had money to buy tickets yesterday.

2.Tom and his father are__________ at work now.

3.__________if them is right

4 He is taller than__________ __________

5.Some students like pop music while __________don't in their school.

6.I want some __________books besides this dictionary.

7.___________(我们)love our country.

8.—Who is it?

—It's__________(我).

9.—This is my dictionary.Where is_____(你的)?

——It's over there , on the bed .

10.The little boy is too young to look after__________ (他自己).

11.__________(谁)are you talking to?

12.__________(谁的)book is this?

13-Would you__________like some apples ?

-Yes,please.

14.There are too __________(很多) mistakes in your exercises.

15.Either you or___________(我)am going to America.

16Is there__________ in the cup?杯子里有东西吗?

——No,there is __________(什么都没有)

【答案】

1.All 2.both 3.Neither 4.any other 5.others 6.other

7.We 8.me 9.yours 10 himself 11 Who/Whom 12.Whose13.some 14.many 15.I 16.anything;nothing



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