考点一、常见的动词词义辨析
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到达 |
get |
get to +地点名词 |
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reach |
及物动词、后面可直接加地点名词 |
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arrive |
in+大地点、at+小地点 |
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借 |
borrow |
表示“借入”常用结构borrow sth from sb |
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keep |
表示长时间的借，持有某物一段时间 |
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lend |
表示“借出”常用结构：lend sth to sb |
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看 |
see |
表示看的“结果” |
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watch |
观看比赛、结果 |
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look |
表示看的“动作”常用“look at +人/物” |
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read |
表示 看书/报 |
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拿 |
take |
表示“拿去、带走” |
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bring |
表示“拿来、带来” |
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fetch |
去取 去拿 表示“往返拿东西” |
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carry |
“提、拿、搬”多指用力移动，没有方向感 |
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说 |
talk |
同sb说话，常用talk to/with sb |
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say |
常跟直接引语和间接引语，表示说话的内容 |
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speak |
做及物动词时，表示说某种语言 |
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tell |
告诉某人，也可作讲故事 |
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穿 |
wear |
表示穿的状态 |
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put on |
表示穿的动作 |
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dress |
Dress sb 给某人穿衣服。Dress sb up 装扮某人 |
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花费 |
spend |
主语是人 表示花费时间/金钱sb spend time/money on sth.或者sb spend time/money in doing sth |
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cost |
主语是物 表示 花费 |
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pay |
pay for 表示付款 |
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take |
花费一段时间做某事 It takes/took sb some time to do sth |
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找 |
look for |
找的过程 |
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find |
找的结果 |
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听 |
Listen to |
听的动作 |
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hear |
听的结果 |
考点二、动词短语辨析
一、由两个或者两个以上的 词(以动词为中心）在一起构成的短语就是动词短语，常见如下：
1. 动词+介词
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laugh at 嘲笑 |
ask for 请求 |
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worry about 担心 |
talk about 谈论 |
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agree with 赞成 |
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2. 动词+副词
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pick up 捡起 |
stay up 熬夜 |
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grow up 长大 |
look out 向外看 |
3.动词+名词
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make progress 取得进步 |
make faces 做鬼脸 |
4. 动词+名词+介词
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make friends with 和sb 交朋友 |
give one’s life to..... 献身于..... |
5. 动词+副词+介词
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stay away from 远离 |
get along with 进展 相处 |
6. 动词+介词+名词
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go to school 去上学 |
go to bed 上床睡觉 |
考点三、常见的动词短语
1. take 短语
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take up 占据 |
take off起飞；脱掉 |
take out 拿出来 |
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take away 带走；拿走
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take place发生
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take care of 照顾
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take down写下；记下 |
take part in 参加
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2. make 短语
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make a decision做出决定 |
make a mistake 犯错 |
make a living 谋生 |
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make up 组成；构成 |
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3. turn 短语
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turn on打开
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turn off 关闭 |
turn up开大；调高 |
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turn in 上交 |
turn down调低；关小 |
turn out结果是
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4. give 短语
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give up放弃
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give in屈服；让步
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give away捐赠
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give out 散发；分发 |
give off 发出（光、热等） |
5. get短语
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get to 到达 |
get up起床；起来 |
get over克服 |
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get ready for...为……做准备 |
get together 相聚 |
get on 进展 |
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get off离开 |
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6. keep短语
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keep out 留在外面 |
keep off 使……不接近；回避某话题 |
keep healthy 保持健康 |
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keep up with 并驾齐驱；跟上 |
keep in touch 保持联系 |
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7. put短语
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put up搭建；张贴 |
put on 穿上；上演 |
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put off 推迟 |
put out 熄灭 |
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put down写下；记下 |
put away 把……收起来 |
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put up with 容忍 |
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8. look短语
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look at看 |
look for寻找 |
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look through 浏览 |
look around 环顾 |
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look after 照顾 |
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9. come短语
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come on 加油；快点 |
come out出现；出版 |
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come over短暂造访 |
come along 出现 |
10. go短语
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go on 继续 |
go away走开；离开 |
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go back 回到 |
go by(时间）流逝 |
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go over仔细检查
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go off 爆炸 |
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