牛津8A U3同步复习
词汇Words
1. trouble n. 麻烦 困难 困境
v. 麻烦 烦扰 请求 使烦恼 ask sb. to do sth.
( What’s the trouble with sb. ? / What’s wrong with sb. ? / What’s the matter with sb.? )
批注：让学生回想下，trouble的同义词是什么，他们之间的区别是什么？引入difficulty
2. happen v. 出现发生 happen to sb./sth. 成为某人/某事的体验或命运；降临到某人/某事的头上
happen to be /do 恰巧 碰巧
happen / take place (不可用于被动语态)
happen 强调偶然性 take place 强调必然性或计划性
批注：拓展take place的用法，造句
3. argue v.争吵 n. argument
批注：-ment名词后缀，回想下还有哪些词是这个后缀？development, excitement
4. hold v. 拿; 握; 容纳; 举行; 开会
批注: 注意hold的过去时态，held
5. crowd 人群 a big crowd of people 一大群人 adj. crowded 拥挤的
批注：补充中考词组be crowded with,联想同义词组be filled with, be full of
6. stare at … 盯着…….看；凝视……
glare at … 怒视…… stare out of window 凝视着窗外
look at … 看…… look out of window 朝窗外看
批注：与look ,see, watch, notice的区别
7. through 穿过 通过 从开始到结束 自始自终 因为 接通电话
They drove through the tunnel . Can you put me through to Tom ,please ?
They walked through the whole night ! The boy got the job through his father .
through / across / over / by
through: 一边进入一边穿出
across 从一边倒另一边
over 从一边倒另一边 必须横跨跨越
by 从边上经过
8. steal – stole – stolen (v.) 偷 steal sth. from sb. / sp. 从某人/某地偷……
à stealing (n.) 偷窃（行为） (adj.) 有偷窃行为的 (近义) theft (n.) 偷窃/盗窃(案件/事件)
stolen (adj.) 被偷窃的；偷走的 stealer (n.) 偷窃者 （近义）thief
比较： rob – robbed – robbed – robbing rob sb. / sp. of sth. 抢某人/某地……
à robber (n.) 强盗；盗贼 robbery (n.) 抢劫(案件/事件)
notice 注意 察觉 警告 通知
9. notice sb. do sth . 注意某人干好某事
I notice him walk into the room .
I notice that he came into the room
notice sb. doing sth. 注意某人正在干某事 I notice him eating impolitely. I notice that him was eating impolitely.
10. follow (v.)
① = go after … ; come after … 跟随……；更从……；列在……之后
follow sb. to sp. (地点名词) 跟随某人到某地
follow sb. here / there / home 跟随某人到这里/那里/家
② = go along …; go down… 沿着……走；顺着……走
à following (adj.) 以下的；下列的follower (n.) 追随者；信徒
11. hurry – hurried – hurried (v.&n.) 匆忙，赶紧，赶快，催促
hurry to do sth. 匆忙/赶紧去做某事
hurry to sp. 匆忙/赶紧去某地
hurry here / there / home / aboard 匆忙/赶快来这里/去那里/回家/上船（飞机/火车/公共汽车等）
in a hurry 匆忙地 = hurriedly in such a hurry 如此匆忙地
12. aboard (adv.副 词& prep.介词) : 登(机)；上(船 / 火车 / 公共汽车等)
比较：abroad (adv.) 在国外
13. afraid adj. 害怕的 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 不敢做某事 a frightened person 一个担惊受怕的人
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事（会引起某种后果）
be afraid of sth. 害怕某事/某物
be afraid +that 从句
14. as … (这里做“conj.连词”使用) 当……的时候 = when
as 做“prep.介词”使用时，表示“作为……”
as + adj. / adv. 原级 + as … 和……一样……
Fill in the blanks with the words in their proper forms. （每题1分，共11分）
In Beijing sometimes the bus is too for us to get on. (crowd)
He with Mary about which was the best place to spend the summer holiday. ( argument)
All of the students are listening to the lecture in the hall. (quiet)
In the years, he worked hard and became a very successful businessman. (follow)
Parents had better tell their children not to eat the food given by . (strange)
There were three in a week in that city. How terrible! (rob)
7. I have a strong wish to be a . I think it's an interesting and challenging job. (report)
8. Jim always goes to school early, so it was for him to get to school late this morning. (usually)
9. The little girl is afraid of in front of the crowds. ( speak)
10. The colourful childhood of ours was . And most of us want to live like a child. (go)
【keys】1. crowded 2. argued 3. quietly 4. following 5. strangers
6. robberies 7. reporter 8. unusual 9. speaking 10. gone
（此部分测试时间为20分钟左右，讲评时间为15分钟左右。对本次所学内容进行检测）
I．Choose the best answer.
1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
2.-Do you know him well ?
- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
3.-How long have you ____ here ?
-About two months .
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been onD. began
5. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
A. is B. has C. will D. was
6. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been
7.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to
C. have gone to D. have been
8. The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they
9. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
10. His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
11．It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
12．My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _______ there for a few months and then went to America.
A. worked B. would work
C. would be working D. has been working
13. —— ___________ a meeting yesterday afternoon?
—— Yes, they _________.
A. Did they have, did B. Did they have, had
C. Had they, had D. Had they, did
14. Our teacher told us that the Earth __________ around the sun.
A. goes B. go C. went D. is going
KEYS: 1—5：DBACA 6—10：AADCC 11-14 DA A A
II.Complete the sentences as required.
She has already been to the Space Museum. (改为否定句)
She been to the Space Museum .
The head teacher has chosen Helen to be his assistant. (改为一般疑问句)
___________the head teacher Helen to be his assistant?
He has the duty to take care of these children. (保持原意不变)
He is in of care of these children.
What's your mother's job? (保持原意不变)
___________does your mother ?
The secretary types letters and answers the phone. (就划线部分提问)
____________ ___________ the secretary do?
keys: 1. hasn't; yet 2. Has; chosen 3. charge; taking 4. What; do 5. What does
I．时态复习
现在完成时
一、现在完成时含义
现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。
e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。)
Michael has been ill. (含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地)
二、现在完成时结构与句型
助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have 。
句型： 1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。
I have studied English for 5 years .
2、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。
We haven’t been there .
3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？
Has he eaten that apple ?
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？
Where have you been to recently?
三、现在完成时用法
1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。
e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：
e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven’t seen much of him recently/lately.
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasions等：
e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。
e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain this year.
The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for+一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。
E.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years.
(=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)
6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。
e.g. We have had four texts this semester.
7. 现在完成时中的时间状语：
★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如：
We have already cleaned the classroom.
Have you finished it already？
★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”。例如：
—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？
—No, not yet. 是, 还没有。
★ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如：
Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？
Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。
★never意为“（曾经）从未、没有”, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如：
I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。
★just意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。
e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。
注意：just now意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。
e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。
★for 和since的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。
注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。
e.g.
I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.
I saw Pingping six years ago. Since I have never seen her.
★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别:
have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来
have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了
have/ has been in 已经在…, 常与一段时间连用
e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。
She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。
Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？
但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao?
【考例】
一、单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
3、Have you met Mr. Li ______？
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .
-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study
C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. Knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
9、-These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go
C. do they go D. have they gone
10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
答案：1—5：BBCDC 6—10：CCBBB
二、句型转换
1、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）
2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory for twenty years.
3、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ an hour ago.
4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
6、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
答案：
1、died, has been dead 2、has been open 3、has been away 4、joined；ago
5、It is, since 6、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
过去完成时
1.表示过去某时以前已经发生的事情，否定式表示过去某时以前尚未发生的事情。'
We had learned 2,000 English words by 2006.
2.表示开始于过去的过去并持续到过去某时的事情。
When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for ten minutes.
3.表示在过去先后发生的两个动作中，先发生的动作通常用过去完成时。
I didn’t see the film because I had seen it before.
He told me that he had made a serious mistake.
4.过去完成时的动词形式通常以助动词had及动词原形加-ed即动词的过去分词表示。
5.过去完成时的时间状语有：for ten years, by 2007, by the time he was born 等。
练习：用动词的适当形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).
4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.
7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
keys: 1. had painted... moved 2. had made ... died 3. had studied…left 4. had run away..arrived
5. had turned off …went 6. went …had made 7. said …had read 8. failed …had made
9. (had) finished …left 10. were having/had had …got
一般过去时与现在完成时比较
用法比较：
1.概念：一般过去时：过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。
现在完成时：现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，重点是强调现在的是影响。
2．时间状语：
1）一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, （具体的时间状语）
2）现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, before (以前)等
3．动词搭配：
1）现在完成时中有瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分：
瞬间动词：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等后面不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语。
延续性动词：live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
[说明] “终止”、“延续”要转换：英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性（瞬间动词）两种，在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性，当句中含有一段时间状语时应将这类瞬间动词转换为延续性动词。
例如： The film has begun. → The film has been on for an hour.
He has gone . → He has been away for ten minutes.
2）一般过去时中不存在瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分：
I saw this film （yesterday）.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。
获得更多试题及答案，欢迎联系微信公众号：ygjjcom
客服微信号：ygjjcom