U2
常考短语：
paper cutting 剪纸
set off 动身，出发
after dark 天黑后，黄昏后
4.all the time 一直，始终
5.up to 到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有
6.up and down 起伏，上下波动
7.no more 不再，再也不
8.tie...around 拴……在……周围
9.cut out 剪成
10.in the shape of 以……的形状
11.put on 穿上；上演
12.close to 靠近
13.put up 张贴
14.a piece of 一片，一条
15.after dark 天黑后
知识讲解及拓展
1 used to & be used to doing &be used to do
|
Used to do sth |
过去常常做某事 |
只用于过去时态 |
He used to go to school by bike. |
|
Be used to doing |
习惯于 |
可用于过去，现在，将来等时态 |
He is used to going to school. |
|
Be used to do |
被用于...... |
可用于任何时态 |
=be used for doing |
Eg: 1 --How is your grandma?
--She is fine. She used to ________TV at home after supper. But now she is used to _________ out for a walk.
A watch, go B watching,go C watching,going D watch,going
2 Bamboo can _______paper.
A used to make B be used make C be used to make D be used to making
2 although 虽然，尽管
与though同义，用来引导让步状语从句。不能与but同时出现在句子中。Although比较正式，
常用于句首；though多用于非正式文体，表示强调。
Eg: --The boy can speak both English and Japanese_____he is only ten. --Wow, what a clever boy.
A if B because C although
3 fit adj. 健壮的，健康的 v. 合适，侧重于尺寸，大小合适。
To keep fit, she eats a lot of vegetables and fruits.
This coat doesn’t fit me.
4 up to 到达，至多有； up to now 到现在为止=by now
His storybooks are up to 50.
5 set off 出发，动身=set out
They set off at night.
6 get/be ready for 为......做好准备， be ready 准备好的..... Be ready to do sth 准备做某事
Mother gets ready for dinner.
Tom is ready for the exam.
Are you ready?
I’m ready to go.
7 tie...around..栓......在......周围
The girl ties a scarf around her neck.
Tie to 把......系在......
He tied the horse to a tree.
Tie up 系好，捆好
Please tie up your safety belt.
8 stop ...from doing 阻止.......做......=prevent ...from=keep ...from
The heavy rain prevented/kept us from climbing the mountain.
9 reach&get&arrive
|
Reach |
及物动词，后直接跟表示地点的名词 |
|
Get |
Get to +地点名词； get here/the |
|
Arrive |
Arrive at+小地点；arrive in+大地点；可当不及物动词：He arrived. |
10 hang 悬挂，吊
悬挂： hang-hung-hung; 绞死，吊死： hang-hanged-hanged
11 throw短语
Throw ...into 把......扔进.... Throw away 扔掉 throw off 匆匆脱掉 throw at 向......扔去
He threw a stone into the river.
Throw away those old newspapers.
Don’t throw off your coat. It’s cold outside.
Tom threw stones at my dog.
12 require& need
|
Require |
及物动词 |
Require to be done; require doing;require sb to do |
|
Need |
及物动词 |
Need to do; need to be done; need doing |
|
情态动词 |
Need do |
Plants require watering every day.
They require that I should appear.
I need to buy a new bike.
The room needs to be cleaned.
You needn’t come.
13 no more& no longer
|
No more |
不再 |
常用来修饰非延续性动词，表示今后不再重复以前发生的动作，多指数量上不再增加，程度不再加深。=not ...anymore |
|
No longer |
不再 |
相当于not ...any longer,在句中起副词作用，用来修饰延续性动词，指某事从时间上讲以后不再发生，其时间不再延续。 |
He no more comes.
We are no longer students.
He is no more a student.= He isn’t a student any more.
14 mistake 错误
Make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 错误地，无意中
Mistake A for B 把A错认成B
He makes a lot of mistakes in grammar.
I took her umbrella by mistake.
I often mistake Lucy for Lily.
15 after&later
|
After |
介词 |
常用于过去时态，after+一段时间表示某段时间后 |
|
Later |
副词 |
常用于过去时或将来时，一段时间+later |
|
形容词 |
意为“后来的”，修饰名词 |
After two years, he died in London.
Tom left for Shanghai two weeks later.
16 keep 短语
Keep sb/sth + 形容词： 使......保持......; keep +形容词：保持某种状态； keep (sb) doing： 不停地做某事
Coats will keep you warm.
We should keep out school clean and tidy.
The shop keeps open twelve hours a day.
Don’t keep talking.
17 名词+y=形容词
Health(健康）+y=healthy（健康的） luck(幸运）+y=lucky（幸运的）
In good/bad/poor health 健康状况好/不好 keep healthy 保持健康
For luck 为了吉利； bad luck 倒霉 good luck 好运
18 be made from& be made of
|
Be made from |
由......制成；看不出原材料 |
|
Be made of |
由......制成；看得出原材料 |
|
Be made up of |
由......组成 |
|
Be made into |
被制成..... |
|
Be made in |
在......制造 |
They made wine from rice.
Paper is made from wood.
The house is made of wood,
The doll is made up of four parts.
19 voice&noise&sound
|
Voice |
嗓音；指喉咙发出的声音 |
|
Noise |
噪声 |
|
Sound |
泛指一切声音 |
一、基本概念
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人或物完成的，则用被动语态。
二、语态的分类及构成
1. 动词的语态有两种：一种是主动语态（主语是动作的执行者），另一种是被动语态（主语是动作的承受者）。
2. 被动语态的构成：
1） 助动词be +（not）+（及物动词的）过去分词
此时，由助动词be来反映时态的变化，常见有以下八种形式：
|
一般现在时 |
am |
+过去分词 |
|
is |
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are |
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一般过去时 |
was |
+过去分词 |
|
were |
||
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一般将来时 |
will |
+be+过去分词 |
|
shall |
||
|
现在完成时 |
have |
+been+过去分词 |
|
has |
|
现在进行时 |
am |
+being+过去分词 |
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is |
||
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are |
||
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过去进行时 |
was |
+过去分词 |
|
were |
||
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过去将来时 |
would |
+be+过去分词 |
|
should |
||
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过去完成时 |
had |
+been+过去分词 |
2） 情态动词 +（not）+ be +（及物动词的）过去分词
|
can |
+be+过去分词 |
|
may |
|
|
must |
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