奉贤中学2017学年第二学期第二次月考试卷
高一英语
II. Grammar and Vocabulary 20%
Section A 10%
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Do you know how 26 is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons （神经元）in our brains.
27 (put) simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that 28 we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about 29 we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes 30 (far)：mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Recently, researchers 31 (find) that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that 32 they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered 33 when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully 34 (function). However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders．
Research does mirror that neurons seems to provide us with even more information concerning how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge 35 (cough) in the cinema when someone else does-well, perhaps you’ll understand why．
it; put; every time/each time; how; further; have found; if/when; as; functioning; to cough
Section B 10%
Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
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A. peak B. prospect C. intense D. indicating E. mild F. uncertainty G. unusually H. complicated I. applied J. prepare K. modle |
A drop in the sun’s radiation can cause cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries (36) ___ for storms.
Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation from the sun reaches a(n) (37) ___ then falls. But detecting a clear link of the cycle to the weather has proved much (38)___.
“Our research notices a link between solar activities and regional winter climate,” lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email.
Her team focused on the data from the recent minimum solar radiation period during 2008-10, which was a(n) (39) ___ calm period for the sun but at the same time, (40) ___ winters in the U.S and Europe were recorded which brought troubles to many businesses and made people’s lives difficult.
The researchers found that a reduction in radiation from the sun can affect wind patterns, (41) ___ cold winters.
“While radiation levels won’t tell us what the day-to-day weather will be, they provide the exciting (42) ___ of improved prediction for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These predictions play an important role in long-term weather planning,” Ineson said.
Ineson’s team used the data in a complex computer to (43) ___ long-term weather patterns. It successfully reproduced what scientists had observed happening in the upper atmosphere during changes in solar radiation. More study was needed, though. The key (44) ___ in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it spans (跨度) only a few years.” So there are still questions concerning whether the current research results are accurate and whether they can be (45) ___ to other solar cycles,” she said.
JAHGC DBKFI
III.Reading Comprehension
Section A 15%
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It’s a high-risky, multibillion-dollar industry with tight deadlines, demanding customers and lives in danger.
The business is (46) ___. And it’s booming.
The number of jobs for translators and interpreters doubled in the past 10 years while their wages steadily (47) ___ before, during and after the recession. During a period of stagnating (停滞的) wages across the labor market, the language-service industry with its 50,000 jobs is a (48) ___spot in the jobs outlook.
Lillian Clementi is a French translator working in corporate communications from her home in Arlington, Massachusetts and is routinely on tight deadlines to hand in translated material. “The risks can be huge,” said Clementi, “There’s tons of (49) ___ pressure.”
In some cases, a(n) (50) ___ translation or interpretation is also vital. If a user’s guide for medical equipment is not translated well, it could lead to (51) ___ during an emergency. Soldiers in conflict areas require excellent interpreters to speak with community members. Any change of tone or context could put lives (52)___.
Translators’ and interpreters’ immunity (免疫力) to the nation’s economic downturn also (53) ___the growing demand for people who can speak several languages in an increasingly globalized economy, experts said.
“Good translators who (54) ___a particular subject and become really good at it can really make six-digit figures annually,” said Jiri Stejskal, spokesman for the American Translators Association.
Multinational corporations, U.S.demographic (人口的) changes and the Internet economy raise the need for translated and localized information. Companies increasingly want their content (55) ___ to the tongue of the town, even between dialects of the same language.
“As more people (56) ___ the worldwide economy, that’s going to drive more commerce, and that’s going to drive more language services,” said Bill Rivers, executive director of the National Council for Language and International Studies in the Washington region.
___, qualifications for translators and interpreters are not as simple as they may seem. Speaking two languages does not mean a person can work in the language-service industry, experts said. Learning how to translate or interpret is a (58) ___skill beyond knowing the language.
Furthermore, the most successful translators and interpreters maintain a (59)___, such as legal documents, quarterly earnings reports or a special knowledge of industry．
Technological advances may cut jobs in some industries, but online translation services like Google Translate (65) ___ raise demand for human translators and interpreters, experts said. Online sales companies also drive demand for translation.
46．A. tourism B. language C. technology D. economy
47．A. shrank B. changed C. grew D. remained
48．A. bright B. scenic C. historic D. tough
49．A. money B. peer C. blood D. time
50．A. proper B. quick C. direct D. innovative
51．A. disease B. depression C. violence D. confusion
52．A. in order B. at risk C. compared D. delivered
53．A. highlights B. understands C. increases D. resists
54．A. set up B. depend on C. specialize in D. object to
55．A. limited B. accustomed C. related D. tailored
56．A. agree with B. have access to C. are confident of D. insist on
57．A. Instead of B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise
58．A. separate B. genetic C. learnable D. worthwhile
59．A. certificate B. diploma C. strategy D. specialty
60．A. automatically B. respectively C. actually D. immediately
BCADA DBACD BCADC
Section B 20%
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
Science not always so serious
Did you know that if you attach a weighted stick to the back of a chicken, it walks like a dinosaur?
No, you did not know (or care to know) such things, but now you do! Thanks to this year’s winners of the Ig Nobel Prizes! Now in its 25th year, the Ig Nobel is the goofy younger cousin of the honored Nobel Prize. It applauds achievements in the fields of medicine, biology, physics, economics, literature, etc. Every September at Harvard University, awards are presented in 10 categories that change year to year, depending on — according to the organization — what makes the judges “laugh, then think”.
The ceremony officially begins when audience members launch paper airplanes at an assigned human target on the stage, then speakers only have 60 seconds to present their research. In previous years, the one-minute rule was imposed by a young girl — nicknamed Miss Sweetie Poo — who would go up to the platform and repeat the words: “Please stop, I’m bored,” in a sharp tone until the speaker left the stage.
Fortunately for candidates though, the Ig Informal Lectures are held afterwards on Saturday to give presenters more time to explain the crazy things they’re working on.
The research can seem more like the brainchildren of teenage boys than of respectable adults. Justin Schmidt won the physiology Ig for creating the “Sting Pain Index,” which rates the pain people feel after getting stung (蛰) by insects. Smith pressed bees against 25 different parts of his body until they stung him. Five stings a day for 38 days, Smith concluded that the most painful sting locations were the nostril (鼻孔) and the upper lip. Ouch.
As silly as they sound, not all of the Ig awards lack scientific applicability. A group of scientists from 12 different countries won in the medicine category for accurately diagnosing patients with appendicitis (阑尾炎) based on an unusual measurement: speed bumps (减速带). They found that patients are more likely to have appendicitis if they report pain during bumpy car rides.
All these weird experiments have just one thing in common. They’re improbable. It can be tempting to assume that “improbable” implies more than that — implies bad or good, worthless or valuable, trivial or important. Something improbable can be any of those, or none of them, or all of them, in different ways. And what you don’t expect can be a powerful force for not only entertaining science, but also for the boundary-pushing science we call innovation.
61. The underlined word “goofy” in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.
A. timid B. funny C. glorious D. warm-hearted
62. According to the passage, what can we know about the awarding ceremony of Ig Nobel?
A. It is held at a fixed place.
B. Candidates should know how to fold paper planes.
C. Miss Sweetie Poo is one of the hostesses.
D. Ig Informal Lecture gives presenters 60 seconds to finish their speeches.
63. The example in Paragraph 6 is used to illustrate that Ig Nobel __________.
A. celebrates the diligent work of researchers
B. offers another opportunity to those who miss the Nobel Prizes
C. serves as a platform for the creative and practical achievements
D. amuses the audience
64. Among the four candidates below, who is most likely to win an Ig Nobel?
A. A chemist who invents a chemical method to partially un-boil an egg.
B. A novelist who criticizes social injustice severely.
C. A physicist who studies the origin of the universe.
D. An economist who achieves a breakthrough in the study of international trade.
BACA
(B)
JENISON PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Jenison International Academy is excited to offer online, nonessential courses to international students. Kindly view the online elective options, as well as the enrollment process, below. The application window for part time enrollments will close on Friday, December 30, 2016.
Online Courses Offered Grades 1-12
Elective Opportunities
Please click to view our Elective Course Offerings.
Part Time Enrollment at JIA
Students participating in the program are allowed to enroll in up to 4 elective courses each semester, and have the option to take 100% of their courses online or create a schedule combination of online and on-campus courses at Jenison Public Schools, which may also include Tech Center, Co-op, and other qualified programs.
Student Application Process
STEP 1: Online Preparation
Please review the following Interactive Online Readiness Criteria. Please keep this form for your own records.
Online Readiness Criteria
STEP 2: Submit Forms & Documentation
By completing the Part Time Enrollment Application, applicants are fulfilling the Virtual Learning and District-Required Documentation.
Printed Application
Parents or guardians can download, print, and complete the JIA Enrollment paperwork & JPS District Application. Mail, scan or fax all completed paperwork using the contact information provided on the first page.
Printed Application
Additional Required Documentation can be found within the enrollment packet .
An email will be sent to the parent or guardian email account when a completed application has been received. Upon review and approval, a welcome message and course selection email will be issued to the same address.
65. The courses are designed for .
A. high-level students who are studying in Jenison Public Schools
B. international students whose parents work in Jenison Public Schools
C. foreign students who can’t study full time in Jenison International Academy
D. graduate students who want a part-time job in Jenison International Academy
66. To get enrolled, one should .
A. prepare both online and offline
B. print the Online Readiness Criteria
C. contact JIA in person beforehand
D. email the J1A Enrollment paperwork
67. What can be learned from the webpage?
A. The enrollment should be applied on December 30, 2016.
B. The parent or guardian needs to have an email account.
C. The students need to study at least 8 courses each year.
D. The courses can only be learned online.
CAB
(C)
About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.
Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.
However, paradoxically(自相矛盾的), just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit (诉讼) in California claiming that the state’s ban on IQ testing discriminates(歧视) against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test. (They believe, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating (评估) children for special education classes.) The judge, therefor, reversed, at least partially his original decision.
And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even promoting such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause.
What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a child’s physical condition or his intellectual level.
Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation (起伏) back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.
And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.
As to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child’s intellectual level, the better for the child in question.
68. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?
A. Its validity was challenged by many communities.
B. It was considered discriminative against minority children.
C. It met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.
D. It robbed the black children of their rights to a good education.
69. The author believes that intelligence testing .
A. may ease racial discrimination in the United States
B. can encourage black children to keep up with white children
C. may seriously worsen racial discrimination in the United States
D. can help black parents make decisions about their children’s education
70. The author’s opinion of child adoption seems to be that .
A. no definite rules can be prescribed
B. white families should adopt black children
C. adoption should be based on IQ test results
D. cross-racial adoption is to be advocated
71. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that ______.
A. good will may sometimes complicate racial problems
B. social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of children
C. intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areas
D. American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issues
BDAD
Section C 4%
Directions:reading the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
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A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. |
Secret codes (密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 72 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 73 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
74 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 75 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
DEFA
IV. Verb filling: 15%
1. You should see to it that the medicine (keep) under lock and key.
2. Her parents strongly object to her (marry) to a Japanese.
3. The question asked by the students was difficult (handle).
4. He later (admit) that he was guilty when he was charged on the court.
5. He felt ashamed when (refer to) at the meeting.
6. Who would you rather have (copy) the passage, Tom or Alice?
7. He said that he (wait) for the bus to come for nearly an hour.
8. The baby seems (enjoy) himself very much when his mother came in.
9. I (appreciate) it very much if you could post the letter for me.
10. The more books you read, the large vocabulary you (acquire).
11. (not realize) the problem, he was still at ease.
12. Whoever breaks the law can not (spare) from punishment.
13. (jump) the queue is regarded as bad manners.
14. What the government decides to do contributes to (fuel) development of that area.
15. An earthquake struck that area last week, (cause) many people to be homeless.
Is kept; being married; to handle; admitted; referred to; copy; had been waiting; to be enjoying; would appreciate; will acquire; not realizing; be spared; jumping; fueling; causing;
V. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given expressions. 5%
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have a passion for conduct an experiment be at a loss leave sth. to sb. brag about at very short notice |
He likes his daughter to his relatives and colleagues.
He football, and we can always see him on the playground.
The scientists are absorbed in . Don’t interrupt them.
When the teacher asked the question, he felt greatly puzzled and how to answer it.
Some actors and actress do 90% of the stunts and the last 10% stunt professionals.
bragging about; has a passion for; conducting an experiment; was at a loss; are left to
VI. Translation: 20% (3+4+4+4+5)
你应该要像督促他人那样督促自己。（drive）
You should drive yourself as hard as you do others
尽管他身体较差，他坚持步行去上班。（insist）
He insisted on walking to work in spite of his poor health, though his health was poor/though he was poor in health
在那个仪式上，校长代表所有的老师祝贺他被清华大学录取。（behalf）
At that/ the ceremony, the headmaster congratulated him in being admitted to/by Qinnghua university on behalf of all the teachers
正是他对于工作的严谨的态度才导致了他被授予了诺贝尔文学奖。（强调句）
It was his strict attitude to work that led to his being awarded the Nobel prize for literature.
他冒着生命危险去救那个溺水的男孩，我们都为他而感到骄傲。（risk, pride）
He risked his life/ran the risk of his life to save/ saving the drowning boy and we all took pride in him
VII. Summary writing: (10%)
Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.(Do not copy the original sentences)
Direction: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Bicycle Sharing
For years, bike-sharing plans have been common in big cities around the world, including in China. Examples include Paris’s Vélib and London’s Santander Cycles (“Boris bikes”). But these require customers to return the bicycles to docking stations (泊车位)．In China, a more user-friendly approach is spreading rapidly. It involves bikes that can be paid for using a smartphone and left anywhere. GPS tracking enables them to be located with a mobile app. A ride typically costs only one yuan (﹩0.15) on a bike in an eye-catching colour.
The first such service was launched in June 2015 by a startup called Ofo. The company now has around 2.5m yellow-framed bikes in more than 50 cities in China. Its main rival, Mobike, which started up only a year ago, says it has “several million” of its orange-wheeled bikes spread across a similar area. Bluegogo has half a million bikes in six Chinese cities. It plans to add a new city every two weeks.
However, the dockless system is easy to abuse. Some riders hide the bikes in or near their homes to prevent others from using them. Another trick involves scratching off a bike’s QR code to stop others from scanning it. A bigger problem for the new firms is persuading people to use bikes instead of cars. Thirty years ago, 63% of Beijingers cycled to work. Now, only 12% do. Many people think that cycling is only for the poor. A dating-show contestant famously said in 2010 that she would “rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bike.” Cycling is also dangerous. About 40% of road accidents involve bicycles, according to a report in 2013. Some city authorities accuse the bike-sharing firms of causing congestion. This month, the southern city of Shenzhen ordered limits on the number of shared bikes. Other cities，including Shanghai and Beijing, are considering similar measures.
Despite some disadvantages, such user-friendly services represent the kind of green innovation that China wants and may even bring “a revolution”.
Following the worldwide bike-sharing trend, a user-friendly approach is prevailing in china, combing bike sharing with hi-tech and low cost. Ofo initially piloted the tendency in 2015, followed by two competitors----Mobike and bluegogo. The abuse of bikes, car-oriented transportation mainstream, dangers and congestions they cause are their existing problems. However, it has a promising future with the eco-friendly feature.
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