高考完型填空的技巧
考点分析
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，缺少故事情节的议论文增多，综合难度不断提高，特别强调对语篇及上下文的理解和应用，而且完形填空在整个高考试卷中的分值比重也很高有15分。
体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。
1.动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。
2.名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3.形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4.副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
专题详解
解题思路一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。 首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
①If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise
②Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.
51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language
解题思路二：顺应文意, 定位选词。 做题时, 要充分利用上下文, 找到有提示作用的词。这些词可以是同义词、近义词或反义词, 也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。
①Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 51 one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.
51.A. positive B. opposite C. same D. wrong
②More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and ___52___ could provide information for later generations.
|
|
52. A. books |
B. history |
C. ruins |
D. science |
③The continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it __51__ our kids.
51. A. exhausts B. depresses C. terrifies D. exploits
解题思路三：注意固定搭配，常用句型。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。
① The department for Education and Skills wants to 60 teaching of modem foreign languages (MFT) at an earlier stage in the future. Primary school children will get greater 61 to foreign language learning.
60. A. permit B. encourage C. demand D. offer
61. A. admission B. access C. chance D. approach
解析：教育与技术部门将来打算在教育更早阶段提供外语教学，所以60选D。61题考查固定搭配access to的用法，学生需要总结相关access的搭配，have access to 或者offer access to，to是介词。
②That also explains why schools and companies organize challenging trips and physical activities to __62__ team spirit.
62. A. build up B. put down C. take over D. make out
③A __60__ of people now believe – incorrectly – that global warming is not even caused by humans.
60. A. mixture B. majority C. quantity D. crowd
解题思路四：注意同形词的辨析。
①Digital fingerprinting, fluctuations（波动）in the dollar exchange rate, and a mass of online information are some of the ways making travel to the United Nations in 2010 a different__51___ for international visitors than it was earlier in the 21st century.
51. A. experiment B. examination C. experience D. excursion
②A traveler from a country__60__ in the VWP must obtain an Electronic System for Travel Authorization(ESTA), an online travel authorization, established by DHS. ESTA determines, before the traveler boards a flight, whether the traveler is___61___to travel to the United States under the VWP and whether such travel poses any law implementation or security risks.
60.A.persevering B. previewing C. participating D. promoting
61.A.accessible B. acceptable C. available D. adaptable
解题思路五：根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。
①EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They’re too __63__ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would __64__ them.
63. A. confident in B. comfortable with C. keen on D. afraid of
64. A. amuse B. inform C. remind D. embarrass
解题思路六: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。
1. 在完形填空中, 某一词语通常重复出现, 使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯, 从而构成一个完整的意义整体。
①First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to ______ six windows.
A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean
2. 同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。
1）名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：
school---primary school—middle school—college—university students—pupils—graduates—postgraduates
2）动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：
school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed
3） 形容词同现; 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如： 在学校这个语境中：
（key）school—（optional）course—（compulsory）course
4）结构同现: 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如：
some…,others; on one hand…,on the other hand; former…,latter; so…that; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way … when…;
①I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly.
A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion
②The 60 Knows
…….Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction.
60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand
解题思路七：仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。
①In today’s American society, high school dropout has day by day grown into a big problem threatening social and economic stability, as many cases of family ___51___ or even tragedies, caused by youth dropout are grabbing headlines in media.
51.A. objections B. conflicts C. establishments D. happiness
答案： B。 长难句分析， 第一层是as 引导的原因状语从句，主句是school dropout has grown into a big problem. 后面紧跟 动名词做定语。 As 从句中 caused 过去分词作后置定语。在进行句子分析时，一定注意把定语等找出来。
②In many countries, the language of education is not the same as the language of the home for 53 the majority of children . Furthermore, in many countries, young language learners comprise the most rapidly growing segment of the elementary (primary) school population. 54 While in some schools there is no extra support to help young language learners acquire the language of instruction, in most countries where there are large numbers of young learners, there is a ___55___ awareness of their special needs.
55. A. reducing B. watching C. growing D. slipping
解析： 55题根据前文可以推断出选C. growing 表示提高的意识。可以对这个长句子进行长难句分析：首先是while 引导的让步状语从句。 在while 从句中运用了help sb do sth 的结构。 在主句中，where 引导的定语从句，先行词是countries.
解题思路八：仔细推敲, 注重逻辑。
做完完形填空题后,要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍, 看语法、惯用法对不对;看是否符合上下文的逻辑; 看是否符合故事情节的发展,以便更正可能的错误选择。一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词：
1. 递进
in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, to make matters worse, to make things worse , worse still
2.比较
in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as
3.对照
in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while
4.因果
because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus
5.强调
certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially，in particular, absolutely
6.让步
although, though, after all, in spite of
7.举例
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.
8. 时间和空间
afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last
outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of
9. 总结
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary
表示转折关系：
例1：
a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. ……. The traditional approach of trying to minimize construction costs, ___58___, can lead to higher energy bills and wasted materials.
58. A. in return B. for instance C. by contrast D. in general
答案解析：绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30%的能源，与之形成对比的是，传统建筑会导致更高的能源成本及材料的浪费。所以选C，与上文形成转折对比。
例2：
The following numbers would be 55 for most of us to remember. 1492178919931848. But look at them in “ chunks”, and it becomes much easier. 1492 1789 1993 1848.
55. A. convenient B. impossible C. meaningful D. technical
答案解析：两句之间的But表明是转折关系，下文出现了“it becomes much easier”，所以此空要填的词与easier形成对比，即选B，impossible。
表示因果关系：
例1：
___51___ its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a conventional office building.
51. A. In place of B. Thanks to C. In spite of D. In addition to
答案解析：句意是“由于艺术性的设计及奇特的技术，环保建筑大楼比传统的办公大楼少消耗50%的能源”，所以此空可得出答案为B。
例2：
a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. So any additional building costs can be ___57___ quickly.
57. A. recovered B. gained C. counted D. valued
答案解析：句意是“绿色建筑比传统建筑少用30%能源，所以增加的建筑成本可以很快回收。”提示词So,表明上下文为因果关系，所以选A.
表示并列关系：
例1：
…… improve employee’s health and productivity, reduce legal liability, and ___56___ property values and rental returns.
56. A. involve B. enhance C. share D. show
答案解析：句意是“绿色环保建筑能够改善员工的健康及生产力，并且增加建筑的价值及租金回报”，根据and可看出此空是与前面的improve构成并列。四个选项中 ，只有B表示“增强或提高”，所以答案为B。
表示条件关系：
例1：
Life would be so much easier if we could remember things 51 .
51. A. effortlessly B. purposefully C. exactly D. carelessly
答案解析：句意是“生活将变的更容易，如果记忆不费力气。”所以选A。
表示解说关系：
例1：
there is nothing 61 
about these methods----- they were around even in ancient times.
61. A. effective B. awful C. valuable D. new
答案解析：句意是“这些方法没有什么新颖之处---他们在古代就已经有了。”句中的破折号表示解释说明，所以选D。
课堂练习
A、
Two Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer. （主旨句）
Dr. Ron Laura, professor of health education at Newcastle University, and senior chemist Mr. John Ashton said their research points to a complete __51______（前文提到的自然阳光有助于防止皮肤癌，下文提到防晒霜会引起皮肤癌，前后相反的争议故选用reversal） of the accepted scientific theory. They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer, the artificial indoor light could be __52_____（人造的室内光线与自然地阳光光线形成对比，故用harmful） and that a range of drugs in common use could also ___53____（前后表达的均是室内光线的危害所以是助涨了黑色素，选用promote） melanoma（黑色素）--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin.
The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles. It is based on a new __54_____（复现故选用theory） that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins (Vitamin D) and immune process.
The sunscreens, artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin’s __55_____ （皮肤对于太阳的敏感度，B是对抗，C是适应，D是回应）to the sun. But Dr. Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped __56_____（根据主旨自然光线有助于防癌，所以此处是有助于防癌的维生素D的生产量） the production of cancer protection Vitamin D.
He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more __57_____（根据上文中提到的人造光线对人带来的危害，更容易产生黑色素，be subject to意为服从于，隶属于，意译为更容易） melanomas than those who worked outdoors. Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of __58_____（exposure to暴露于固定搭配） to direct sunlight every day, ___59_____（根据上句，适当地暴露于直接的光线照射的好处，最适宜的时间是早上，故选用preferably） in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower, Dr. Laura said.
Sunscreens, long __60_____ （人们传统的观念描述，固定搭配，be accepted as 被认为）as essential for beach lovers, could also __61______（前文中提出防晒霜会致癌，这里是说会阻止维生素D的产生，选prevent） the production of Vitamin D. Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a __62_____（与传统的想法的不一致，导致人们也就产生了错误的认知，选用false） sense of security in thinking they are __63______（复现，选用protected） from the sun’s rays.
Dr. Laura said more statistics ___64_____ （更多的数据会支持他们的观点，选用back支持）their claim had come to light since the first article was published. He believes his research findings are too important to be __65______（反传统的理论的提出总是会收到限制的，选limited） to the scientific world.
51. A. contribution B. reversal C. combination D. recognition
52. A. beneficial B. comfortable C. harmful D. favorable
53. A. promote B. reduce C. remove D. eliminate
54. A. assumption B. law C. concept D. theory
55. A. sensitivity B. resistance C. adaptation D. response
56. A. monitor B. measure C. slow D. stimulate
57. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. free of D. dependent on
58. A. exercise B. reveal C. exposure D. experience
59. A. occasionally B. preferably C. enjoyably D. extremely
60. A. received B. popular C. accepted D. identified
61. A .balance B. adjust C. prevent D. enhance
62. A. false B. strong C. true D. sharp
63. A. separated B. protected C. guarded D. prohibited
64. A. presenting B. doubting C. backing D. providing
65. A. limited B. emphasized C. acknowledged D. explained
51-55 BCADA 56-60 DACBC 61-65 CABCA
B
If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people is learned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people‘s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.
First Impression
To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other‘s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.
As it turned out, their 58 judgment often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
The 60 Knows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise
A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial
A. Priority B. proof C. Possibility D. principle
A. Tested B. Imposed C. Changed D. created
A. appearances B. Virtues C. Similarity D. passions
A. Illustrations B. Implications C. Ingredients D. Intentions
A. predict B. Investigate C. diagnose D. recall
A. Critical B. Initial C. Random D. mature
A. Memorize B. distinguish C. Negotiate D. Question
A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand
A. Open B. Alert C. Resistant D. Superior
A. disappointed B. amazed C. Confused D. gifted
A. Emotions B. Attractiveness C. Individuality D. Signals
A. Enhance B. Possess C. Maintain D. Assess
65.A. familiar B. Plain C. Positive D. Insulting
51-55. ACBDC56-60. CABBA61-65. ADBDC
C
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65
of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike
52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme
53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise
54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above
55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging
56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply
57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression
58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male
59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing
60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating
61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared
62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally
63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure
64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene
65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness
51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. B 57. A 58. D 59. A 60. C
61. B 62. B 63. D 64. A 65. C
四、课后作业
A 篇
After the college-board examinations in June, Basil Duke Lee and five other boys from St. Regis School ___51___ the train for the West. Two got out at Pittsburgh, one slanted south toward St. Louis and two stayed in Chicago; from then on Basil was alone. It was the first time in his life that he had ever felt the need of tranquility, but now he took long breaths of it; for, though things had gone better toward the end, he had had a / an ___52___ year at school.
He wore one of those extremely flat derbies (常礼帽) in vogue during the twelfth year of the century, and a blue business suit became a little too short for his constantly ___53___ body. Within he was by turns a disembodied (空洞的) spirit, almost ___54___ of his person and moving in a mist of impressions and emotions, and a fiercely competitive individual trying ___55___ to control the rush of events that were the steps in his own ___56___ from child to man. He believed that everything was a matter of ___57___ — the current principle of American education — and his fantastic ___58___ was continually leading him to expect too much. He wanted to be a great athlete, popular, brilliant and always happy. During this year at school, where he had been punished for his “freshness,” for fifteen years of thorough spoiling at home, he had grown uselessly introspective, and this ___59___ with that observation of others which is the beginning of wisdom. It was apparent that before he obtained much success in dealing with the world he would know that he’d been in a fight.
Fifteen is of all ages the most difficult to ___60___——— to put one’s fingers on and say, “That’s the way I was.” And all one can know is that somewhere between thirteen, boyhood’s ___61___, and seventeen, when one is a sort of counterfeit young man, there is a time when youth ___62___ hourly between one world and another —— pushed ceaselessly forward into unprecedented experiences and ___63___ trying to struggle back to the days when nothing had to be ___64___ for. Fortunately none of our contemporaries remember much more than we do of how we behaved in those days; nevertheless the ___65___ is about to be drawn aside for an inspection of Basil’s madness that summer. (380)
A. boarded B. missed C. jumped D.followed
A. happy B. unhappy C.memorable D.favourable
A. swelling B. bending C. lengthening D. strengthening
A. aware B.fond C. critical D. unconscious
A. randomly B. desperately C. particularly D. indifferently
A. evolution B. revolution C. solution D.introduction
A. fact B. opinion C. course D. effort
A. fashion B. ambition C. character D. treasure
A. contacted B. associated C. interfered D. smashed
A. digest B.describe C. deal D. locate
A. majority B. minority C. senior D. junior
A. floats B. varies C. fluctuates D. ranges
A. successfully B. vainly C. wildly D. gently
A. hunted B. provided C. compensated D. paid
A.curtain B. adolescence C. portrait D. ceiling
51-55 ABCDB 56-60 ADBCD 61-65 ACBDA
B 篇
German Prime Minister Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his 51 and diplomatic talent, but his contributions to the society include many of today’s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, 52 other European nations, 53 an unusual outbreak of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing 54 . 55 in part by Christian sympathy for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to get the 56 of the socialist labor movement, Bismarck 57 the world’s first worker’s compensation law in 1884.
By 1908, the United States was the 58 industrial nation in the world that lacked workers’ compensation insurance. American’s injured workers could seek 59 in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. 60 , employees had to prove that their injuries directly 61 employer’s lack of care and they themselves were ignorant about potential danger in the workplace. The first state workers’ compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon 62 throughout the nation.
After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not 63 the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national 64 to study the problems workers’ compensation. Two years later, the committee issued 19 key recommendations, 65 one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages.
51. A. artistic B. literary C. military D. economic
52. A. along with B. other than C. apart from D. rather than
53. A. experimented B. explored C. experienced D. excluded
54. A. urbanization B. revolution
C. evolution D. industrialization
55. A. Inspired B. Touched C. Organized D. Motivated
56. A. feedback B. statement C. proof D. support
57. A. discovered B. created C. uncovered D. revealed
58. A. unique B. only C. powerful D. most
59. A. rights B. help C. compensation D. support
60. A. For example B. However C. Consequently D. Moreover
61. A. resulted in B. stood for C. resulted from D. deal with
62. A. spread B. promoted C. stretched D. placed
63. A. put up with B. face up to
C. benefit from D. keep up with
64. A. community B. committee C. authority D. government
65. A. including B. insisting C. installing D. investing
51-55. CACDD 56-60. DBBCA 61-65. CADBA
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