高一英语试卷
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Laugh and the world laughs with you. Even ___21___（good）, you might live longer, an American researcher reports.
“Adults who have a sense of humor live longer than ___22___ who don’t find life funny, and the survival edge is particularly large for people ___23___ cancer,” says Richard Smith of the Columbia University of Science and Technology.
He ___24___（present）his study of about 54,000 Americans, ___25___ he had followed for seven years, at the American Psychosomatic Society meeting last Monday.
At the start, patients filled out questionnaires on ___26___ easily they found humor in real-life situations and how important a humorous idea was. The study showed next the greater role humor played in their lives, ___27___ greater their chances were in ___28___（survive）the seven years. Adult scoring in the top one-quarter for humor appreciation were 35% more likely ___29___（be）alive than those in the bottom quarter. In a smaller group of 2,015 people who had a cancer diagnosis(诊断) at the start, the study found ___30___ important that a great sense of humor cut the chances of dying by about 70%.
Section B
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
|
A. trace B. shaped C. marry D. seat E. unable F. last G. mass H. breakthrough I. spread J. reputation K. led |
Tributes（致哀）poured in last week to the world-famous British physicist Stephen Hawking, whose insights ___31___ modern cosmology（宇宙学）and inspired global audiences in the millions. He died at the age of 76 on March 14.
Hawking was given only a few years to live after being diagnosed with ALS（肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症）at the age of 21. The illness left him in a wheelchair and largely ___32___ to speak expect through a voice synthesizer（合成器）. Nevertheless, Hawking completed his doctorate（博士学位）on the origins of the universe three years later and became a research fellow at the University of Cambridge’s Caius College.
Hawking’s first major ___33___ came in 1970. With mathematician Roger Penrose, Hawking used Einstein’s theory of relativity（相对论）to ___34___ the origins of time and space to singularity（奇点），a single point of zero size and infinite density（无限大的密度）where all the laws of physics would have broken down. Their work gave mathematical expression to the Big Bang theory（创世大爆炸理论）. Hawking was the first to try to ___35___ relativity with quantum mechanics（量子力学）. In 1974, he put forward that black holes leaked radiation, now known as“Hawking radiation,”and would eventually disappear with a tremendous explosion. The proposal ___36___ to one of the most passionate debates in modern cosmology—before Hawking, it was widely accepted that black holes were completely black and would ___37___ forever.
In 1982, Hawking was among the first to show how tiny changes in the distribution（分布）of matter might give rise to the ___38___ of galaxies（银河系）in the universe and lay the seeds of stars, planets and life as we know it.
For 30 years, Hawking was Cambridge’s Lucasian professor of mathematics（卢卡斯数学教授席位），arguably Britain’s most distinguished chair（席位）and a post once held by Sir Isaac Newton. He received 12 honorary degrees and was awarded a Companion of Honor（英国荣誉勋位）by Queen Elizabeth in 1989. The 1988 publication of A Brief History of Time won Hawking international ___39___. The book, through which the professor brought complex science to a___40___ audience, has sold at least ten million books in 40 languages.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Most people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are ___41___. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to ___42___ it. Creativity isn’t always ___43___ with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time ___44___ think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.
Making connections This technique involves taking ___45___ ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words ___46___ with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the ___47___ to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original ___48___; you could buy him tickets to match or take him out for the night.
No limital Imagine that normal limitations don’t ___49___. You have as much time/space/money, etc, as you want. Think about your goal and the new ___50___. If your goal is to learn to ski, ___51___, you can now practice skiing every day of your life（because you have the time and the money）. Now ___52___ this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.
Be someone else! Look at the situation from a ___53___ point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the ___54___ in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their ___55___. The best fishermen think like fish!
41. A. unbelievable B. wrong C. reasonable D. realistic
42. A. put up with B. catch up with C. keep track of D. make use of
43. A. connected B. compared C. covered D. equipped
44. A. skillfully B. vividly C. routinely D. deeply
45. A. familiar B. creative C. unrelated D. imaginary
46. A. associated B. marked C. lit D. presented
47. A. ambitions B. ideas C. achievement D. technique
48. A. experience B. ervice C. object D. present
49. A. work B. last C. change D. exist
50. A. limitations B. possibilities C. tendency D. practice
51. A. for example B. in particular C. as a whole D. in fact
52. A. devote B. lead C. adapt D. keep
53. A. private B. global C. practical D. different
54. A. characters B. themes C. creatures D. features
55. A. dreams B. positions C. images D. directions
Section B
Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
Though cell-phones are usually considered devices that connect people, they may make users less socially minded, which is found by a recent study from the University of Maryland’s Robert H. Smith School of Business.
Marketing professors Anastasiya Pocheptsova and Rosellina Ferraro, with graduate student, Ajay T.Abraham, conducted a series of experiments on test groups of cellphone users. The findings appear in their working paper, The Effect of Mobile Phone Use on Prosocial Behavior. Prosocial behavior, as defined in their report, is action intended to benefit another person or society as a whole.
The researchers found that after a short period of cellphone use the subjects were less likely to volunteer for a community service activity, compared to the control-group（对照组）. The cell phone users were also less persistent in solving word problems even though they knew their answers would contribute to a monetary（货币的）donation to charity.
The study involved separate groups of college student subjects - both men and women and generally in their early 20s. "We would expect similar effects with people from other age groups," said Ferraro. "Considering the popularity of cellphones, it does have the potential to have wide social effects."
The researchers use previous research to explain the cause of their findings: "The cellphone directly arouses feelings of connection with others, thus fulfilling the basic social need to belong." This results in reducing one’s desire to connect with others face-to-face or to engage in empathic (同情的) and prosocial behavior.
The study also distinguished its subjects from users of other social media — Facebook users — in one of the tests. The researchers found that participants felt more connected to others because of their cell-phones than because of their Facebook accounts, suggesting that this difference in connectedness was the underlying cause of the observed phenomenon.
56. A person will conduct prosocial behavior when he ____.
A. is closely connected to his friends. B. uses the cellphone for a period of time
C. takes part in community service D. uses the cell phone a lot
57. What makes Facebook users different from cellphone users?
A. Different accounts. B. Different purposes.
C. Different human needs. D. The difference in connection.
58. Compared with cell phone users, Facebook users probably _____.
A. have a lot more friends
B. feel more connected to their friends
C. don’t like to engage in prosocial behavior at all
D. are more likely to engage in prosocial behavior
59. Which could be the best title for the passage?
A. Cell Phone Use Has Broad Social Effects B. Cell Phone Use Leads to Prosocial behavior
C. Cell Phone Use Is Linked to Selfish Behavior D. The Harmful Effect of Cell Phone Use
（B）
Enter for a chances to win a Montana adventure
Imagine yourself hiking on the same route that Lewis and Clark once explored, fly fishing and whitewater rafting（激浪漂流）in beautiful lakes and rivers, learning how to speak Blackfeet, digging for ancient dinosaur remains, and standing at the edge of a 6,000-year-old glacier（冰川）in Glacier National Park. You have the chance to do all of this and much more with the National Geographic Kids Hands-On Explorer Challenge Expedition Team. The Hands-On Explorer Challenge is heading west in 2016 to Montana.
HIKE!
Montana is home to many species of plants and animals. Follow in the footsteps of legendary explorers and get a close-up view of waterfalls, wildflowers, and wildlife.
DIG!
Some of the most important dinosaur discoveries have been found in Montana. You’ll discover treasures yourself as you dig for ancient dinosaur remains in Montana’s High Plains.
CULTURE!
Montana has eleven Native American tribes (部落)―each one filled with a unique heritage (遗产) and lots of rich traditions. View the world as they see it through their dances, songs, food, games and languages.
HOW TO ENTER
1. Write an original, personal essay in English of no more than 300 words telling us how you explore your world and what it is about exploration that inspires and excites you.
2. Take a photograph of what, where, or how you explored the subject of your essay.
3. Enter by January 7, 2016. Open to kids who will be ages 9—14.
4. Send your entry (参赛) form essay, and photo (as described in the Official Rules) to: NG Kids Hands-On Explorer Challenge National Geographic Kids magazine /CDH 1145 17th Street NW Washington DC 20036. FOR MORE INFORMATION GO TO KIDS. NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC.COM/KIDS/CONTESTS/EXPLORER- TRIP-2016.
60. What is true about Montana?
A. It has many elephant discoveries.
B. It is Lewis and Clark’s hometown.
C. It is home to many species of plants and animals.
D. Its Native American tribes share the same culture.
61. If you want to enter the contest you must ___.
A. be over 14 years old B. send a photo with your essay
C. have rich exploration experience D. write an English article over 300 words
62. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To announce a kid competition. B. To describe Montana’s scenery.
C. To provide travel information. D. To suggest some outdoor activities.
（C）
A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein, the body building elements in food. If you have ever been without meat or animal foods for some days or weeds (say, for religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are glad when the fast is over and you get your reward of a succulent meat meal.
Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called “amino-acids”, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids. A great deal of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism.
The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of tae vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day.
Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources.
A lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products are consumed.
Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable digestible and next come milk, fish and eggs. Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-soluble vitamin C, should be lost through overcooking.
63. A vegetarian is a person who _____.
A. eats the meat of animals only B. eats the vegetable only
C. drinks milk only D. eat nothing at all
64. Compared with vegetable food, animal food contains ____.
A. more proteins B. more nutrients C. more minerals D. more amino-acids
65. Which“fast”in the following sentences has the most similar meaning to the underlined word“fast”（in Para.1）?
A. Johnny ran off as fast as his legs could carry him.
B. Gandhi drank some orange juice to break his three-week fast.
C. I always keep my watch 15 minutes fast.
D. The rainforests are being chopped down at an alarmingly fast rate.
66. From the passage, we know that _____.
A. to gain enough protein, one must consume much more vegetable food than animal food
B. cooking vegetables for long time makes it more digestible
C. milk is the best source of usable animal protein
D. the most common deficiencies in Western diets are those of vitamins
67. Which of the following best reflects the author’s attitude?
A. Vegetarianism is not good for one’s health.
B. Vegetarianism should be advocated for adults.
C. A lacto-vegetarian diet is the best as it provides adequate nutrition.
D. One should have a well-balanced diet containing elements of all foods.
第二卷
Ⅳ. Translation
Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 一些高糖分的食物诸如糖果几乎不含人类所需的营养（contain）
2. 不要在两餐之间吃东西以免影响胃口（appetite）
3. 他实现了双人去纽约免费旅游的梦想（achieve）
4. 你越紧张就越不可能得到问题的正确答案（tense）
5. 为了改善温室效应的问题应该鼓励大家使用新能源而不是传统能源（instead）
Summary Writing
Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek thinker, said, "Happiness depends upon ourselves." In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier.
The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend too much time thinking about the future-for example, getting into college or getting a good job-that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life's simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends often live happier and healthier lives.
Another secret to living a happy life is to be active. Many people go dancing or play sports. People can forget about their problems and only think about the activities.
Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others. If you want to feel happier, do good things for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to buy food for an elderly person, or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.
KEYS
21. better 22. those 23. with 24. presented 25. who/ whom
26. how 27. the 28. surviving 29. to be 30. it
31-35 BEHAC 36-40 KFIJG
41-45 BDACC 46-50 ABDDB 51-55 ACDAB
56. C 57. D 58. D 59. C
60. C 61. B 62. A
63. B 64. A 65. D 66. A 67. A
1. Some high-sugar food like sweets hardly contains any nutrition that people need.
2. Don’t eat anything between two meals, or it’ll affect your appetite.
3. He achieved the dream of going on a trip for two to New York for free.
4. The more tense you are, the less likely you are to get the correct answer to the question.
5. In order to solve the problem of Greenhouse Effect, we should encourage people to new energy.
Summary Writing
People can find happiness by adopting three helpful suggestions. First, enjoying simple in life helps to focus on and enjoy the present. Second, being active helps people to forget about worries, Third, helping other makes feel good.
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