2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍 — 宾语从句
【知识方法】
宾语从句
三大必考点：
that
连接词 if/whether
特殊疑问词：when; where; who; what; which; how; how many/much/long/soon/often…
主现从不限
时态 主过从四过（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）
客观真理用一般现在时
3．语序：陈述语序（主谓结构）
知 识 清 单
宾 语 从 句
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
他说他想呆在家里。
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
她不知道她病得很严重。
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
我确信他会成功。
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
你知道他们在等谁吗？
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
他问谁的书法最好。
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
你能告诉我3路公共汽车站在哪儿吗？
I don’t know why the train is late.
我不知道火车为什么晚了。
I can't imagine why he did that thing．
我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。
Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month?
你知道我们为什么把运动会推迟到下个月吗?
当疑问代词what，who在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要调整。
What's wrong with you?
怎么了?
He asked the girl what was wrong with her．
他问这个女孩怎么回事了。
What's the matter?
怎么了?
He asked the girl what was the matter．
他问这个女孩怎么了。
What has happened to him?
他发生什么事了?
We want to know what has happened to him．
我们想知道他发生了什么事。
同类句式还有：Who broke the window?
谁打破的窗户?
Who is in the classroom?
谁在教室里?
What made him so angry．
什么使得他如此生气。
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。表示“是否”，二者通常可以互换。例如：
Lily asked if/whether she liked it.
莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
我想知道他是否住在这儿。
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
他问我是否可以帮助他。
但语义有点区别：
1）whether强调犹豫和选择，多见于书面语中；if 只限于条件，常用于口语。例如：
Write and tell me whether I'm to come.
请写信告诉我，我是否该来。
Write and tell me if I'm to come.
如果我该来，请写信告诉我（相当于说：若我不必来，那就不用费心写信给
我了。）
2）whether可引导各种名词性从名和让步状语从句，if 只能引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。由if引导的从句，首先要弄清楚是宾语从句，还是条件状语从句，然后再确定时态。若是引导条件状语从句，谓语动词
应用一般现在（过去）时代替一般将来（过去将来）时。例如：
If you don't go soon, you’ll be late.
如果你不马上去就会迟到。
当if引导一个非真实条件句时，从句的谓语动词应用过去式（如果是be, 则不论主语的人称和数，一律用
were）,主句谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。例如：
If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.
如果每个国民都懂得急救（的知识），许多生命就会得以挽救。
3）whether和if都可以与or no连用。但if与or not之间常需要用词语隔开，而whether与or not可连用，也可隔开。例如：
Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell me whether the train has left or not?
你能告诉我火车是否离开了吗?
I don't care if your car breaks down or not .
我不在乎你的汽车是否坏了。
4）下列情况，只用whether作引导词：
引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句。例如：
Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me.
他来不来与我无关。
I am in doubt whether I ought to give this plan my approval.
我决定不了是否该同意这项计划。
What I want to know is whether you can help me.
我想知道的是你是否能帮助我。
Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.
不管我们是走还是留，其结果是一样的。
5）与不定式连用：例如：
I don't know whether to accept or refuse.
我不知道是该接受还是该拒绝。
6）在介词后作介宾。例如：
I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.
我不在乎你是否喜欢那项计划。
4．think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示“认为”、“猜想”等的动词后的宾语从句
1）否定转移
在以上动词之后的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定含义，却不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述动词变为否定形式，这就叫否定转移。
I don't think the book is worth buying．
我认为这本书不值得买。
I don't believe they have finished their work．
我相信他们并未完成他们的工作。
I don't suppose he cares．
我猜想他们不会介意的。
We don't expect they will have everything done．
我们希望他们没有把事全做完。
2）存在这种否定转移现象的句了在作反意疑问句时，具有如下特点：
在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时，反意疑问句应针对主句。
You don't think he can finish his work, do you?
你认为他不能完成他的工作，是吗?
He doesn't believe that we have come back，does he?
他认为我们还没回来呢，是吗?
但是如果主句主语是第一人称时，反意疑问词部分的主语和时态要与宾语从句保持一致，并注意否定转移。
I don't think you are an actor，are you?
我认为你不是一个演员，是吗?
I suppose you have been to Beijing，haven't you ?
我想你去过北京。是吗?
另外，当think ，suppose，believe，imaging，guess这类表示“认为”、“猜想”的动词作主句谓语时，常会出现一种以疑问词起头的双重疑问句。
What do you think he is?
你认为他是做什么的?
How much time do you suppose I must spend on it?
你认为我得花多少时间来做这件事?
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
我听说物理不容易。
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
我认为你不久会喜欢这所学校。
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
你能告诉我怎么到动物园吗？
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
请告诉我我们什么时候开会。
三. 宾语从句的时态
1．若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限可视句子意义使用所需要的任何时态。例如：
We all know chicken can't swim.
我们都知道鸡不会游泳。
Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.
难道你不认为吉姆讲的太快了吗？
He says he will come back.
他说他会回来。
2．若主句是祈使句，从句谓语动词也可用所需要的任何时态。例如：
Show me which picture is yours.
让我看看哪张照片是你的。
Please tell us where we will go.
请告诉我要去哪里。
3．若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。例如：
I knew she had swept the floor already.
我知道她已经扫过地了。
He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.
他问我昨天这个时候是否在做作业。
4．若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.
老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得多。
They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.
他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多，
He said that one and one makes two.
他说一加一等于二。
宾语从句专项练习（一）
一.翻译句子 完成下列宾语从句：
1. Please tell me _______________________. （我们什么时候开会）
2. Can you tell me _______________. （他在哪儿）
3. Could you tell me ______________________. （我该怎么去车站）
4. Would you tell me _________________（为什么火车迟到了）
5. I want to know _____________________. （他是否跟我们一起去公园）
6. Ask him _____________________. （他是否能来）
7. I don't know ___________________________.（是否要下雨）
【答案】
1. Please tell me when we are going to have a meeting. （我们什么时候开会）
2. Can you tell me where he is?（他在哪儿）
3. Could you tell me the way to the station? （我该怎么去车站）
4. Would you tell me why the train is late?（为什么火车迟到了）
5. I want to know whether he will go to the park with us. （他是否跟我们一起去公园）
6. Ask him if he can come. （他是否能来）
7. I don't know whether it will rain (or not).（是否要下雨）
二．把下列句子变成含有宾语从句的复合句。
1. The tickets are in my pocket. The man says.
The man says___________________
2. I have joined the League. He says.
He says________________________
3. The earth goes round the sun. Our teacher tells us.
Our teacher tells us________________________________________
4. Have you heard of anything about Mei? The man asks us.
The man asks us_____________________________________
5. Can you swim? Please tell me.
Please tell me_________________
6. How can we do the work well?
I always think of ___________________________________________
7. When do you go to bed? He asks me.
He asks me _________________
8. Where did you meet Mr Green?
I want to know___________________________________________
9. What are they drawing? Do you know?
I want to know_____________________________________
10. Where do they stop on the way? I ask.
_____________________________________________________
【答案】
1. The man says that the tickets are in his pocket.
2. He says he has joined the League.
3. Our teacher tells us the earth goes round the sun.
4. The man asks us whether we have heard of anything about Mei.
5. Please tell me whether you can swim.
6. I always think of how we can do the work well.
7. He asks me when I go to bed.
8. I want to know where you met Mr Green.
9. I want to know what they are drawing.
10.I ask where they stop on the way.
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