2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍 — 介词
【介词命题趋势】
1、表示时间的介词
2、表示方位和运动方向的介词
3、常用介词用法辨析
4、介词与其它词类的搭配
1）形容词与介词的搭配
2）动词与介词的搭配
3）名词与介词的搭配
【分析解读】
介词为中考的必考点,主要考时间介词、方位介词和介词的固定搭配。介词在应用中有固定性，所以准确记忆其用法和搭配是掌握介词的关键。
【知识方法】
表示时间的介词--- at in on since after by until 等
表示方位的介词--in on over to above under in front of in the front of
介词+名词
介词的固定搭配的 be+形容词+介词
介词 动词+介词
between & among
across &through& over& past
易混介词的区别 in &on
for &to &towards
after & behind
but & besides &except
In & after
to & at
知 识 清 单
介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其他某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
1. 介词的功能
介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：
The boy over there is John’s brother. 在那儿的那个男孩是约翰的弟弟。(定语)
The girl will be back in two hours. 这位姑娘过两个小时回来。 (状语)
Our English teacher is from Australia.我们的英语老师来自澳大利亚。 (表语)
Help yourself to some fish. 请吃些鱼。 (宾语补足语)
2. 常用介词的用法辨析
（1）表时间的介词
1）at, in on
表示时间点用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节
以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到
说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.自从去年夏天，我再也没有收到他的信。
After five days the boy came back.五天后，这男孩返回来。
in, after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与
将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：
He will be back in two months.他在两个月后回来。
He will arrive after four o’clock四点钟后，他到达。
He returned after a month.一个月后，他回来了。
（2）表示地点的介词
at, in, on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨他天到达上海。
They arrived at a small village before dark.他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄。
There is a big hole in the wall.墙上有一个大洞。
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.老师把一幅画挂在墙上。
over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一架桥。
We flew above the clouds.我们飞越云层。
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。
across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：
The dog ran across the grass.狗跑过草地。
The boy swam across the river.那男孩游过河。
They walked through the forest.他们穿过森林。
4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.在大楼前有一些高树。
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面
3. 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。
（1）介词与动词的搭配
listen to ,
laugh at,
get to,
look for
wait for,
hear from,
turn on,
turn off,
worry about,
think of,
look after,
spend…on…, 等。
（2）介词与名词的搭配
on time,
in time,
by bus,
on foot,
with pleasure,
on one’s way to,
in trouble,
at breakfast,
at the end of,
in the end等。
（3）介词与形容词的搭配
be late for,
be afraid of,
be good at,
be interested in,
be angry with,
be full of,
be sorry for等。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. ---What time did you get there this morning?
--- _________ eight.
A. In B. On C. At D. From
2. He has got a chair to sit _______, but nobody to talk ________.
A. on, to B. / , with C. on, / D. / , to
Where’s Lily? We are all here ________ her.
A. beside B. about C. except D. with
Shanghai lies ________ the east of China.
A. to B. in C. on D. at
精析： 1. 答案：C.此题考查学生是否掌握了at\in \on 表示时间的用法。表示几点用at.
2. 答案: A.此题考查位置介词on 和词组talk to .
3. 答案： C. 此题考查四个介词的意思。能根据上、下文正确使用。
4. 答案： B. 此题考查学生是否掌握了表达位置的用法。在表达东、西、南、北的方位时。在范围之内用in , 在范围之外用to，相邻用on。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
用适当的介词填空：
Last Saturday I was busy ______ my homework .
My teacher was very angry ______ me because I was late ______ school again.
Kathy prefers a hula hoop ______ a book.
I will invite some friends ______ my eighteenth birthday party.
How long has he worked ______ an inventor.
My uncle arrived ______ the airport ______ the morning of May 3.
I will always help my friends when they are ______ trouble.
There is nothing ______ air ______ space.
I won’t be back ______ June.
______ the age ______ twenty, he had written two books.
Mary fell ______ her bike and hurt her right leg.
He has been away ______ China ______ three years ago.
When I was ______ school, I was ______ the school football team.
I think he will be ______ two o’clock.
The teacher was given some flowers ______ his students.
Look, the birds are singing ______ the tree.
He left the classroom ______ all the windows open.
My sister is ill today. She doesn’t feel ______ eating anything.
It’s too dangerous. You must keep the children away ______ the fire.
My parents arrived ______ a cold night.
You should apologize ______ her ______ stepping on her foot.
The students are sitting ______ the table, reading the newspaper.
The city is famous ______ its football, and people there are very proud ______ their city football team.
We are doing better ______ English ______ our teacher’s help.
Don’t worry ______ me. Everything is going well ______ me.
He was late ______ school today, and she came late ______
school, too.
------ Do you know what happened ______ Peter yesterday?
------ He was hit ______ a car.
I like clothes made ______ cotton.
He will go to Hangzhou ______ his car tomorrow.
______ my surprise, the Englishman gave up halfway ______
the end.
I saw the great changes ______ my own eyes.
You look tired. Instead ______ working indoors you should be
out ______ a walk.
Wushu is becoming more and more popular ______ foreigners.
If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me ______
phone.
There is going to be a report ______ Chinese history ______ our
school this evening.
Before 1990 there was no airline ______ the two cities.
She is dressed ______ a white skirt ______ red flowers.
It’s bad ______ you to go to work ______ breakfast.
It’s very nice ______ you to get me two tickets ______ the World
Cup.
------ Where have you been these days?
------ I have been to Bei Daihe ______ a friend ______ Canada.
------ Would you like some coffee?
------ Yes, and please get me some milk, too. I prefer coffee ______ milk.
------ When did Mr Smith come here?
------ ______ nine o’clock yesterday morning.
You must stand ______ line when you are waiting ______ a bus.
------ Jack, will you be home ______ time to see the children before they go to bed?
------ No problem.
China lies ______ the east of Asia and ______ the North of Australia.
46. If you can’t pass the exam, you’ll fall ______ others.
47. I have a swim every day ______ yesterday.
48. We all know that the earth moves ______ the sun.
49. The sunlight is coming in ______ the window.
50. This room is full______students and that one is filled______ teachers.
Key: 1. with 2. with, for 3. to 4. to 5. as
6. at, in 7. in, 8. but, in 9. until 10.At, of 11. off 12. from, since 13. in, on/in 14. in 15. by 16. in 17. with 18. like 19. from 20. on 21. to, for 22. at 23. for, of 24. in, with
25. about, with 26. for, to 27. to, by 28. from 29. in 30. To, in
31. with 32. of, for 33. among 34. by 35. on, in 36. between
37. in, with 38. without 39. of, for 40. with, from 41.to 42. At 43. in, for 44. in 45. in, to 46. behind 47. except 48. around
49. through 50. of, with
【语法过关】
1.China lies______ the east of Asia and______ the north of Australia,
A. to; to B. in; to C to; in D. in; on
2.His son suddenly returned________ a cold rainy night.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
3.Timmy goes to school __________ every day . It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school.
A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat
4. Last month , students had to have their lessons by Internet ________ because of SARS.
A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital
5.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures __________ a camera.
as B. for C. like D. of
6. Some shops open_______ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the Spring Festival holidays.
A. at B. between C. from D. about
7. --- How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?
--- I'm going there ________ my car.
A. by B. in C. to D. on
8．Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ____an inch.
A. by B. at C. to D. from
9．The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
10．They had a pleasant chat ____a cup of coffee.(北京)
A. for B. with C. during D. over
【参考答案】
1.B 表示在一个大的范围内用"in"，范围之外用"to"。
2.A 具体到某一天的时间用"on"。
3.C 5 minutes' walk决定去学校的方式是on foot。
4.B 语境中"by Internet"和 "because of SARS"决定了"have their lessons --- at home "。
5.C like在这里意思是"像------"。
6. B between 后接两个并列的成分，意思是"在两者之间"。
7. B in my car = by car。
8． A。与数量连用可表示尺寸、距离等。依句意：幸运的是，子弹在距离上尉一英寸的地方与他擦肩而过，没有射中他。故应选A。
9． C。what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从句中的基本结构为 “there is little of…”, 表示“……有很少”what 修饰little提到了从句句首。正确答案为C。
10．D．用作介词表示时间时，可作“在（做）……时（while doing, eating, etc）”。故正确答案为。其句意为：他们在喝咖啡时进行了一次愉快的谈话。
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