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2019年上海市五年级上学期英语预习知识点总结

Unit  1

重点单词

old  老的,年纪大的

young   年轻的,岁数不大的

funny   滑稽的,可笑的

kind  体贴的,慈祥的,宽容的

strict   要求严格的,严厉的

polite   有礼貌的,客气的

shy   羞怯的,腼腆的,怕生的

helpful   有用的,愿意帮忙的

clever   聪明的,聪颖的

hard-working   

工作努力的,辛勤的

music   音乐

art   美术

science   科学

English   英语

maths/math   数学

Chinese   语文,中文

sometimes   有时,间或

robot   机器人

speak   会说,会讲(某种语言);用(某种语言)说话

 

重点句子

1. Whos your art teacher?   谁是你的美术老师?   —Mr. Jones.琼斯老师。

2. Is he young?  他年轻吗?   

Yes, he is.   是的,他年轻。   —No, he isnt.   不,他不年轻。

3. Whats Wu Yifan like?   吴一帆怎样?  —Hes hard-working. 他很勤奋。

4. Ms Wang will be our new Chinese teacher.   王老师会成为我们的新语文老师。

5. He is very helpful at home.    他在家很能干。

6. Robin is short but strong.   罗宾个子矮,但是身体强壮。

7. He can speak Chinese and English.   他会说中文和英语。

8. He makes me finish my homework.   他让我写作业。

 

字母y在单词中的发音:1、双音节或多音节词末发[ i ]

例:baby   happy   windy   sunny   sorry   candy   many   family   party

    婴儿   开心的   有风的  晴朗的  对不起   糖果    许多    家庭     聚会

课外补充:2y在单音节词末发[ ai ]

例:by 乘坐     my 我的   why 为什么   cry 哭   fly

重点知识及语法

1、询问他人的外貌或性格:-Whats he/she like?     - He/She is kind/

2、一般疑问句的问与答:—Is he/she…?—Yes, he/she is.   No, he/she isnt.

                       —Do you know?   Yes, I do.   No, I dont

3be动词的三种形式am, is, are与人称代词连用的用法:

I + am,   

He, she, it,人名、物名+ is   

We, you, they + are

4Ms., Miss, Mr., Mrs.的区别:

Ms. [miz](缩略词)(用于女子的姓氏或姓名前,不指明婚否)女士;

Miss [mis](用于未婚女子的姓氏或姓名前,以示礼貌)小姐,女士;

Mr. [mistE]mister的缩略词)(用于男子的姓氏或姓名前)先生;

Mrs. [misiz](用于已婚女子的姓氏或姓名前)太太;夫人。

5andbut的区别:

and “和,与”,表并列关系   He is tall and thin. 他又高又瘦。

but “但是”,表转折关系     He is short but strong. 他个子矮,但是身体强壮。

重点作文

1、介绍自己、朋友或老师等熟悉的人物,如:My teacher/friend/…。

思路导引

1)开头:交代人物的身份   I have a/anHe/She is

2)中间:1)体貌   He/ She is tall/strong…  He/She has hair/eyes

           2)性格   He/She is strict/kind

           3)爱好 He/She likes playing pingi-pong/… 或He/She often read books/on the weekend.

3)结尾:评价人物或抒发对人物的情感  I like him/her very much.

2、范文:(1)课本P9 Read and write

2)                                 My Chinese teacher

     I have a new Chinese teacher. She is Ms. Chen. She is tall and thin. She has big eyes and long black hair. She is kind and funny. Sometimes she is strict, too. She is hard-working. She likes reading. Her class is so much fun. We all like her.

 

Unit  2

重点单词

Sunday (Sun.)   周日

Monday (Mon.)   周一

Tuesday (Tue./Tues.)   周二

Wednesday (Wed./Weds.)  周三

Thursday (Thur./Thurs.)   周四

Friday (Fri.)   周五

Saturday (Sat.)   周六

weekend   周末(周六、日)

wash my clothes   洗衣服

watch TV   看电视

do homework   做作业

read books   看书

play football  踢足球

on the weekend   在周末

play sports/do sports 做体育运动

listen to music   听音乐

play ping-pong   打乒乓球

 

重点句子

1. What do you have on Thursdays?  星期四你们上什么课? 

   —I have math, English and music.  我们上数学、英语和音乐课。

2. What do you do on Thursdays, Grandpa?   爷爷,星期四你要做什么?

 —I have a cooking class with your grandma.   我和你奶奶去上烹饪课。

3. Do you often read books in this park?  你经常在这个公园看书吗?

   —Yes, I do. 是的    —No, I dont. 不是

4. Look at my picture.  看我的图片。

5. You look tired.    你看  起来很累。

6. You should play sports every day.   你应该每天做运动。

 

字母组合ee, ea在单词中的的发音:[ i: ]

例:feet   beef   meet   see   feed   tea   read   eat   repeat

        牛肉    遇见   看见  喂养       阅读       重复

注:1ee组合绝大部分发长音[ i: ],只有少部分发短音[ i ],如:coffee 咖啡

2ea字母组合除了发[ i: ],还有可能发[ e ]等发音,如:bread 面包,或者发[ ei ],如:great  好极了

重点知识及语法

1、询问做什么事/活动:—What do you do ?   I often play ping-pong

询问星期几上什么课:What do you have on?   We have English class

2、一般疑问句的问与答:—Do you often read books?   Yes, I do.   No, I dont.

3、    on+具体某一天(年月日,星期),如:on Monday/Tuesday

课外   at+具体时刻(…点钟),如:at 12 oclock  在十二点整

补充: in+大致时间(年月,早中晚),如:in 2014  2014年    in the morning/afternoon/evening

4play + 球类、棋类、娱乐活动,如:play football/ping-pong

补充:play + the + 乐器(第四单元知识),如:play the pipa/piano/violin…   

重点作文

1、描写一周的生活,如:My week

思路导引

1)开头:简单的自我介绍:My names/ Im

2)中间:1) 介绍周一至周五的情况,可以着重介绍自己最喜欢的那一天:

I go to school from Monday to Friday. I likebecause I have

2)介绍自己周六、日的活动:I often watch TV/on the weekend.

3)结尾:This is my week. What about yours?

2、范文:

My week

     My name is Li Ming. I go to school from Monday to Friday. I like Tuesdays and Thursdays, because I have music and PE. I often do my homework and read books on Saturdays. I often play ping-pong on Sundays.

Unit  3

重点单词

ice cream   冰淇淋

hamburger   汉堡包

tea   

sandwich   三文治

salad  沙拉

fresh   新鲜的,刚摘的

healthy   健康的

delicious   美味的;可口的

hot   辣的;辛辣的

sweet   含糖的;甜的

hungry   饿的

thirsty   渴的;口渴的

favourite   特别喜爱的

food   食物

drink   喝;饮

carrot   胡萝卜

chicken   鸡肉

onion   洋葱

milk   牛奶

bread   面包

beef noodles   牛肉面

fish sandwich   鱼肉三明治

tomato soup  西红柿汤

 

重点句子

1.What would you like to eat?   你想吃什么?  —A sandwich, please.   请给我一个三明治。

What would you like to drink?  你想喝什么?   —Id like some water.   我想喝点水。

2. Whats your favourite food?   你最喜欢吃什么食物?

Noodles. They are delicious.   面条。面条很好吃。

3. My/His /Her favourite food is fish.   //她最喜欢的食物是鱼。

4. Im hungry/thirsty.   我饿/渴了。

5. I dont like beef but chicken is OK.   我不喜欢牛肉但是鸡肉也可以。

6. Onions are my favourite vegetable.     洋葱是我最喜欢的蔬菜。

7. I like vegetables but not carrots.    我喜欢吃蔬菜但不喜欢胡萝卜。

 

字母组合ow在单词中的发音:[ au ] [ Eu ]

例:[ au ]     cow 奶牛    flower 花    wow 哇    down 向下    how 如何,怎样   now   现在

    [ Eu ] slow 慢的    snow 雪     yellow 黄色    window 窗户    snowy  下雪的   tomorrow   明天

重点知识及语法

1、询问想要吃/喝什么:—What would you like to eat/drink?   Id like

2、询问最喜欢的事物:—Whats your favourite food/vegetable/?     My favourite food/is/I like

3、名词复数的规则变化:

1)直接加s

2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的,加es,如, buses   boxes   sandwiches

3)以o结尾,有生命的加es,如,potatoes   tomatoes

                无生命的加s,如,photos   pianos   zoos

补充:

4)以辅音加y结尾,改yi再加es,如,families   babies

     以元音加y结尾,直接加s,如,boys  days

5)以ffe结尾,改fv再加es,如knife-knives 小刀    leaf-leaves 树叶

4some+可数/不可数名词   例:some apples(可数)    some water/rice/juice/bread/…(不可数)

课外补充:

不可数名词(词后不可以加-s/es,所接动词用单数is /V-s/es

液体 water   milk   tea  orange(桔汁) coke   juice

气体 air(空气)

食物 food   rice   bread   fruit

肉类 meat(肉) fish  beef   chicken

物质work(工作) paper(纸) time  music  weather(天气) snow   money  

重点作文

1、描述自己和家人最喜爱的食物

思路导引

1)开头:简单介绍自己的家庭成员:There arepeople in my family. They are

2)中间:分别介绍每个家庭成员最喜爱的食物时什么:…favourite food is/isfavourite./like(s)best.

3)结尾:穿插说明喜欢的原因:Its/Theyre

2、范文:(1)课本P29 Read and write

2)     There are four people in my family. They are my parents, my brother and me. My mother likes salad best. Its fresh. Beef is my fathers favourite. He thinks(认为)its delicious. My brother likes ice cream. Its sweet. My favourite food is fish. Its very healthy.

Unit  4

重点单词

dance   跳舞

sing English songs   唱英文歌曲

play the pipa   弹琵琶

do kung fu   打功夫

draw cartoons   画漫画

swim   游泳

speak English   说英语

cook   烹饪,烹调

play basketball   打篮球

play ping-pong   打兵乓球

draw pictures   画画

clean the classroom   打扫课室

 

重点句子

1. Well have an English party next Tuesday!   我们下周二将举行英语派对。

2. What can you do for the party? 你能为派对做些什么呢?   —I can sing English songs. 我能唱英文歌。

3. How/What about you?  你呢?

4. Can you do any kung fu? 你会打功夫吗?  —Yes, I can.  是的,我会。   —No, I cant.   不,我不会。

5. No problem. I can help you.  没问题。我会帮你。

6. I can play ping-pong, but I cant swim.   我会打乒乓球,但我不会游泳。

7. Please send me an email at robin@urfriend.cn.   请给我发邮件,邮箱robin@urfriend.cn

 

字母组合oo在单词中的发音:[ u ][ u: ]

例:[ u ]  look 看    good 好的   book 书   cook 烹饪   wood 木头   foot

助记口诀:1. lookgoodbook,砍柴wood做饭cook洗脚foot

2. 押韵记忆:Look good book, cook wood foot.

      [ u: ]  balloon 气球   food 食物   zoo 动物园   noodles 面条

注:字母组合oo发音少数发短音[ u ],多数发长音[ u: ]

重点知识及语法

1、询问对方会做什么事情:—What can you do?  I can play the pipa.

2can句型的否定句:I cant play the pipa.

3can句型的一般疑问句的问与答:—Can you do any kung fu?   Yes, I can./No, I cant.

4play + the + 乐器,例 play the erhu /pipa /piano

   play + 球类、棋类、娱乐活动,例 play basketball/football/ping-pong

5someany的异同:

相同之处:都有“一些”的含义;

不同之处:some+可数名词复数/不可数名词(用于肯定句中)  例:I can do some kung fu.   我会打功夫。

any+可数名词复数/不可数名词(用于否定句或疑问句中)

例:I cant do any kung fu.  我不会打功夫。    Can you do any kung fu?  你会打功夫吗?

课外补充:1any还可以用于肯定句,作“任何的”解。

例:Any student can answer this question.    任何学生都能回答这个问题。

2)在表示建议,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,用some而不用any

例:Would you like some coffee?  你想来点咖啡吗?

重点作文

1、描写自己或家庭成员会做的事情,如:Im helpful / Super family

思路导引

1)开头:介绍自己或家庭成员的基本情况:Im…  Imyears old.

I have a super family. There are three people in my family. They are

2)中间:介绍自己在家和在学校里会做的事情/介绍家人的外貌性格以及会做的事情:

I canat school. I canat home.

My father is strong. He can do some kung fu. My mother isShe can

3)结尾:总结  This is me. What can you do?

This is my family. I love my family. Can you tell me your family?/What about your family?

2、范文:(1)课本P43  Read and write

2)     Hello, Im Zhao Ming. Im eleven years old. Im helpful. I can clean the windows and sweep the floor at school. I can cook and wash my clothes at home.

         I often play the pipa on the weekend. I can play basketball. I like English very much. I can speak English well. What can you do?

Unit  5

重点单词

 

clock  时钟,钟

photo   照片,相片

plant   植物

water bottle   水瓶

bike   自行车,脚踏车

in front of   在……前面

beside   在旁边(附近)

between   在……中间

behind   在(或向)……后面

above   在(或向)……上面

so many   许多

their   他们的

lots of   许多

dirty   肮脏的

near   在附近

house  房屋,房子,住宅

 

重点句子

1. Your room is really nice!   你的房间真漂亮!

2. There is a big bed.   有一张床。

3. My computer is here on the desk.   我的电脑在书桌这里。

4. This is my room.   这是我的房间。

5. There are so many pictures here.   这有许多照片。

6. My father can draw very well.  我父亲画的很好。

7 .Where is the ball?  球在哪里?   —Its in front of the dog. 在狗的前面。

8. There is a tree in front of the house.  在房子前有棵树。

9. I live near the nature park.  我住在自然公园附近。

 

字母组合ai, ay在单词中的发音:[ ei ]

例:rainy 下雨的   rainbow 彩虹   paint 涂色   wait 等待

say 说   way 路,方法   birthday 生日   Monday 周一   day 天,日子  today 今天   may 可以

课外补充:

元音字母a在开音节中也发[ ei ]     例:cake  蛋糕   face 脸   name 名字

重点知识及语法

1there beis, are)句型的单复数形式:There is a clock.     There are lots of flowers.

课外补充:

1There be句型的动词就近原则:

例:There is a bed, a desk, two photos in my room.

There are two photos, a bed and a desk in my room.

2there behave/has的异同:

相同之处:都有“有”的含义

不同之处:there be表示“某地有……”(无生命的),主语放在句末;

例:There is a book on the desk.  书桌上有一本书。

          have/has表示“某人有……”(有生命的),放在主语(人)的后面。

  例:I have a book.   我有一本书。

2、询问方位或地点:—Where is the ball?  Its in front of the dog.

3lots of + 可数/不可数名词= a lot of + 可数/不可数名词     “许多……”

比较:many + 可数名词复数   “许多……”   例:There are many trees in the forest.

      much + 不可数名词    “许多…....”   例:I drink much water every day.   我每天喝很多水。

4、动词+very well   例:My father can draw very well   我爸爸画的很好

比较:be (am/is/are)+very good     例:The book is very good.   这本书非常好。

重点作文

1、描写房间、卧室,如:My room / bedroom

思路导引

1)开头:总体概括自己卧室的特征   I have a nice/big/clean/room.

2)中间:描述卧室里的物品、摆设   There is/are.on/beside/

                                     My computer/is on the desk/.

3)结尾:抒发对卧室的情感   I like/love my bedroom (very much)! Can you tell me yours?

2、范文:(1)课本P53  Read and write

2)                               My bedroom

     I have a nice bedroom. Its not big but clean.

     There is a blue bed in it. Beside the bed, there is a desk and a chair. There are many books and a computer on the desk. There is a water bottle, too. There are many pictures on the wall. Two plants are near the window.

     I like my bedroom. Can you tell me yours?

 

Unit  6

重点单词

forest   森林,林区

hill   山丘,小山

river   河;江

mountain   高山,山岳

lake   湖;湖泊

village   村庄,村镇

house   房屋,房子,住宅

tree   树,树木,乔木

bridge   

go boating   去划船

nature park   自然公园

people   人,人们

rabbit   兔子

duck   鸭子

animal   动物

high  高的

children   孩子们

child的复数形式)

 

重点句子

1. Children, lets go to the forest.     孩子们,让我们去森林吧。

2. Is there a river in the forest?  森林里有河流吗?   —Yes, there is. 是,有的。  —No, there isnt. 不,没有。

3. The nature park is so quiet!   自然公园这么安静!

4. There arent many people.   (这里)人不多。

5. Are there any tall buildings in the nature park?   自然公园例有高楼吗?

   —Yes, there are.  是,有的。   —No, there arent.   不,没有。

6. How many?  多少?   Two. 两个。

7. Robin is at Mr. Joneshouse.   罗宾在琼斯先生的房子里。

 

字母组合ou在单词中的发音:[ au ]

例:house 房屋,房子   mouse 老鼠   sound  声音,听起来   count  数数

提示:字母组合ow也有些发[ au ],例:cow 奶牛   how  如何,怎样   down 向下

课外补充:

字母组合ou在单词中还可读[ u: ],如soup 汤  group 群,团体;和 [ V ],如young 年轻的。

重点知识及语法

1there be句型的一般疑问句的问与答:—Is there a lake?   Yes, there is.   No, there isnt.

                                      —Are there any animals?  Yes, there are.  No, there arent.

2there beis, are)句型的单复数形式(具体见Unit 5的重点知识及语法):

例:There is a nature park near the house.     There are many ducks on the lake.

3someany在肯定句、否定句及问句中的用法:

some+可数名词复数/不可数名词(用于肯定句中) 例:There are some books on the desk.

any+可数名词复数/不可数名词(用于否定句或疑问句中)

例:There arent any people in the forest.

Are there any tall buildings in the natures park?

4people 人,人们(集体名词,明为单数,实为复数,词末不能加-s

例:There are many people in the park.

重点作文

1、描写景物,如:看图作文(风景图)

思路导引

1)开头:Look at the picture.

2)中间:用There is/arebeside/in front of…句型描述图中所有的景物及其位置,注意要有明确的观察主线,即观察的顺序性与条理性。

2、范文:(1)课本P63 Read and write

2)看图作文

      


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