2020届中考语法专练之 介词讲解及配套真题专练
一、介词的种类
1）根据结构分类
简单介词：即由一个词构成的单一介词。如：for，at，in，on，of，to等。
复合介词：即由两个词组合在一起的介词，也称合成介词。
如：without，inside，outside，into，within
短语介词：即由短语构成的介词。如：because of，according to，thanks to等。
2）根据意义分类
表示地点的介词：at，behind，beside，around，near，on，by，in front of，across等。
表示时间的介词：about，at，after，before，by，during，in，over，past，since，until等。
表示原因的介词：for，with，from等。
表示手段和方式的介词：by，in，with等。
表示“除去”的介词：but，except，besides等。
表示其他含义的介词：about (关于，大约), on (关于), without (没有), off (从……离开),
instead of (代替), with (和)等。
二、. 介词短语的功能
介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语可以在句子中作下列成分：
1）作表语：
She looks like an actress. 她看上去像演员。
What’s the book about? 这本书是讲什么的？
2）作宾语补足语：
A cold kept him in bed for a week. 感冒使他卧床一周。
I found my mother on the bus. 我发现我妈妈在公交车上。
3）作状语：
I will wait for you until tomorrow. 我等你到明天。
The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face.
那位老师面带笑容进了教室。
4）作定语：
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
三、 中考经常考查的几组介词的用法
1) 时间介词：at/ in/ on
表示具体的时间点（几点钟）前面用介词at。
I usually get up at six in the morning. 我通常在早上六点起床。
注意：
at dinner time 在（吃）晚饭时 at night 在夜间 at weekends / the weekend 在周末
表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等时间的前面，或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介词on。
We can play football on Sunday. 我们可以在星期天踢足球。
They came to my house on a cold winter morning.
他们在一个寒冷的早晨来到了我家。
表示较长的一段时间段的名词或短语前经常用in，如在早上、下午、晚上；在某月某年等。
I was born in May. 我出生在五月。
They came here in 1998. 他们在1998年来这里的。
What are you going to do in the winter holiday? 寒假你打算做什么？
注意:
表示上午、下午或晚上的名词前一般用介词in，但是具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介词on。 in the morning 在上午 on Monday morning 在星期一的上午
2）时间介词：for，since
for 和since引导时间状语都有延续之意。for +时间段表示“（延续）……之久”。since +时间点表示从过去某时延续到现在的一段时间。
They have lived in China for ten years. 他们在北京住了十年了。
She has worked here since last year. 从去年起她就在这里工作。
3）时间介词：in，after
in+时间段表示从现在算起一段时间以后，一般用于将来时；after+时间段表示从过去算起一段时间后，一般用于过去时。另外after后也可以接具体时间用于将来时。
He’ll be back in three hours. 他三小时后回来。
He came back after three hours. 三小时后，他回来了。
He’ll be back after 3 o’clock. 他三点后会回来。
4) 方位介词：at，in，on，to
表示在某一点的位置或者具体的位置用at。
We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain. 我们在山脚下举行野餐。
表示在某一个范围之内的方位用介词in。
Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东省在中国的东部。（山东省在中国范围之内）
表示在某一个范围之外的方位用介词to。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。（日本在中国范围之外）
表示两者相互接触，强调在同一条线或者同一个平面上用介词on。
Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu. 山东省在江苏省的北部。（两省接壤）
5) 地点介词：in/on / under/ above / over/ below
表示一个物体在另一个物体的上面用介词on。
There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。（书在课桌表面上）
表示一个物体在另一个物体的里面用介词in。
There are some dumplings in the bowl. 碗里有一些水饺。（水饺在碗里面）
表示一个物体在另一个物体的下方，用介词under。（一般为正下方）
There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一个球。（球在椅子的下面）
below意思是“在……之下”，所指范围较宽，不一定在某物的正下方。
From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.
从飞机上我们可以看到下面城镇的全貌。
表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方，并非有“垂直之上”的含义，用介词above, 其反义词为below。
His room is above ours. 他的房间在我们的上面。
表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方用介词over，有时有“覆盖；越过”之意。
His room is over ours. 他的房间就是我们头上的那间。
There is a big bridge over the river. 河上有一座大桥。（桥在河的上面）
6) 方位介词between，among
between是表示在两者之间；among表示在三者或者三者以上之间。
It’s a secret between you and I. 这是我和你之间的秘密。
There is a village among the trees.在树林里面有一个小村庄。
7) 表示工具、手段、材料的in，by，with
in可以和表示某种语言的名词连用表示“用某种语言”; 也可以表示用某种工具或者材料的意思。
Can you answer my question in English？
你能用英语回答我的问题吗？
Don’t write in pencil. Please write in ink.
不要用铅笔写，请用墨水写。
by指使用的方法和手段，by和表示交通工具的名词连用时，中间不用冠词。
My father often goes to work by bus.
我爸爸经常乘坐公共汽车去上班。
He made a living by selling newspapers.
他靠卖报为生。
with表示“借助于某种具体的工具或身体部位”。例如：
We write with our hands. 我们用手写字。
I cut the cake with a knife. 我用刀子切开了蛋糕。
8) 方位介词across，through，past
表示从某一个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across; 从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through; 从旁边经过用past。
They swam across the river. 他们游过了河。
The boys go through the forest quickly. 这些男孩子快速地穿过树林。
They drove past a big supermarket. 他们开车经过一家大超市。
9）except，besides
except表示“除……之外”其后的宾语是被排除在整体之外的。besides表示“除……之外”，其后的宾语是被包括在整体之内的。
All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.
除了汤姆以外，其他的同学都参加了运动会。（汤姆没有参加）
We need three more boys besides Tom.
除了汤姆以外，我们还需要三个男同学。（我们也需要汤姆）
真题链接：
1. __________ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole. (2019.江苏淮安)
A. At B. In C. On D. With
2. We planted some flowers____________-the garden yesterday. (2019.北京)
A. on B. to C. in D. of
3.--- Is that your headmaster? （2019福建）
--- You meanthe man blue?
A.on B.with C. in
4. Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races9:00 a. m. the morningof June 7. (2019甘肃天水)
A. at; in B. on ; on C. on ; in D. at ;on
5.I want to learn a second foreign language English. (2019甘肃天水)
A.except B.beside C.besides D.exceptfor
6.I'm going out. I'll be back_____an hour. （2019甘肃敦煌)
A.at B. on C. in D. from
7.I think tea will taste better ____ some milk in it. (2019广东)
A. for B. with C. from D. at
8．（1分）My brother joined the army_____September last year．（ 2019广西百色 ）
A．on B．by C．at D．in
9．Is Mr Green at school？
﹣﹣﹣Sorry， I don't know． But you can call him 340﹣5261．(2019广西贵港)
A．in B．With C．by D．at
10.. -When is your birthday, Li Fang? (2019 广西 柳州)
-It's _____________ July 26.
A. on B. to C. in
11. —Chinese government sent two pandas, Ruyi and Dingding, to Russia several days ago.
—The relationship ______China______Russia will be closer than before, I think. (2019广西玉林)
A. both; and B. not only; but also C. either; or D. between; and
12. —Now China was set up in 1949.
—Every Chinese knows her 70th birthday is _____October 1, 2019. (2019广西玉林)
A. in B. at C. on D. by
13．It's very important us to make a plan before a new term begins．
(2019 贵州 黔南州)
A．of B．With C．By D．for
14．It's time______class． Lets go into the classroom．
﹣﹣﹣OK．(2019 海南)
A．for B．of C．in
15. This story is_________ simple English. My little sister can read it. (2019河北)
A. for B. in C. with D. by
16.—Shall I help you the street, Grandpa? (2019 河南)
—No, thanks. I can manage it myself.
A. on B. with C. across D. along
17.—When will the movie The King Lion《狮子王》 return to movie theatres
in America?
—____ July.
A. On B. At C. In
18. Light comes in ________ the window. (2019黑龙江绥化)
A. across B. cross C. through
19. He wrote his phone number_______a piece ofpaper. （2019湖北武汉）
A. on B. for C. in D. from
20. To my great joy, my family is always ________me whatever I decide to do. (2019 湖北孝感)
A. behind B. to C. from D. against
21．Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ______ environmental protection, and we learned
something about recycling of waste. （2019湖南长沙）
A．on B．at C．to
22. We will attend the junior high graduation ceremony _________June 21st, 2019. (2019湖南郴州)
A. in B. at C. on
23.---Excuse me. Where is the nearest bookstore? （2019吉林）
---Go Center Street and you' ll find it.
A. For B. along C. with
24. It’s been 100 years since the May Fourth Movement took place May 4, 1919. （2019南通江苏）
A. for B. in C. at D. on
25. Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public ________ 29th April. It will last over five months. (2019江苏宿迁)
A. at B. in C. on D. of
26. Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!! And if you need any help, please call me
_________010-5558 6390. （2019江苏泰州）
A. at B. on C. with D. by
27. Let’s take a walk ___________ the river after diner, shall we?（2019江苏无锡）
A. along B. through C. upon D. over
28. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily ________the windows. (2019呼和浩特)
A. against B. across C. above D. below
29. In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _________about
570 million children. （2019山东临沂）
A. with B. for C. towards
30. –I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey. (2019山东滨州)
-You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad _________ your eyes.
A. on B. in C. for D. with
31. A marathon was held in Yancheng ____________21st April, which drew 12,000 runners. (2019江苏盐城)
A. on B. in C. at D. by
32. Facial recognition （人脸识别） technology is widely used for payment. _____, we needn’t enter the passwords any more. (2019江苏扬州)
A. For example B. As a result C. What’s worse D. What’s more
33. -Su Bingtian is the winner of the IAAF World Indoor Tour（国际田联室内巡回赛）
- ___________________. He is a talented runner. (2019辽宁抚顺)
A. Without doubt C. Once in a while B. For example D. All of a sudden
34.—Shall we stop and wait for others? (2019辽宁本溪)
—Sounds good. I think they will catch up______ a few minutes.
A. during B. after C for D in
35.—Could you tell me how I can improve my English? (2019辽宁本溪)
—Sure. _______, you could speak it as much as possible.
A. After all B. In the end C. By the way D. First of all
36．We are going to have a party ______ the evening of June 30th．（ 2019辽宁省葫芦岛）
|
A．on |
B．in |
C．at |
D．for |
37．As students，we must study hard．______，we should care for our health．（2019辽宁省葫芦岛 ）
|
A．At the same time |
B．On the one hand |
|
C．All in all |
D．In the end |
38.Humans can not make progress▲dreams. （2019辽宁铁岭）
A.with B.without C.through D.about
39.I will go around the city of Dalian by light—rail vehicle（轻轨）▲subway because I
haven't taken it before. （2019辽宁铁岭）
A.instead of B.in the face of C. along with D. across from
40. Change the information you read into a mind map. , you can remember it well and think of it later easily. （2019山西）
A. In this way B. At the same time C. On the other hand
41. —What time do you usually get up? (2019四川广元)
—________ 7:00.
A. At B. In C. On
42.— When did Neil Armstrong walk on the moon? ( 2019四川内江)
—________July 20th, 1969.
A. In B. At C. For D. On
43.The worlds longest cross-sea bridge, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, openedOctober 24 2018.(2019云南昆明)
A.in B.at C.by D.on
44. Whenever you need help, just call me. I can come at the drop of a hat. (2019云南昆明)
A.with a hat B.without a hat C.at once D.at a low speed
45. The instructions tell us everything ____________ about how to make the model ship. (2019浙江温州)
A. by hand B. by chance C. in detail D. in person
答案：1.DCCDC 6.CBDDA 11.DCDAB 16.CCCAA 21.ACBDC 26.BADBC 31.ABADD 36.AABAA 41.ADDCC
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