2018年英语中考归纳复习专题:数词
【数词】
表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词两类,基数词表示数目的多少,序数词表示顺序。
基数词与序数词
基数词的构成
数字 |
基数词形式 |
示例 |
0~12 |
独立词 |
zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve |
13~19 |
个位数+teen(13,15,18稍特殊) |
thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen |
20~90 (整十) |
个位数+ty(20,30,40,50,80稍有变化) |
twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety |
21~99 |
(非整十)整十位数+“”+个位数 |
twentyone 21,fiftyfive 55 |
101~999 (非整百) |
百位数与十位数或个位数之间用and连接。 |
five hundred and nine 509,two hundred and thirtyfive 235 |
几百、 几千等 |
在hundred,thousand等词前加基数词。 |
one hundred,two thousand |
序数词的构成
数字 |
序数词变化规则 |
示例 |
1~3 |
特殊变化 |
first,second,third |
4~19 |
对应的基数词+th(第5,8,9,12稍不同) |
fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,eleventh, twelfth,thirteenth,fourteenth, fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth, eighteenth,nineteenth |
20~90 (整十) |
将对应的基数词变ty为tie,再加-th |
twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth |
21~99, 101~999 (整十、整 百除外) |
只将个位数变为序数词 |
twentyfirst,thirtyfifth,one hundred and twentyninth |
整百、 整千等 |
在hundred,thousand等词词尾加-th |
two hundredth,one thousandth |
注意:序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成。
如:first-1st sixth-6th
巧记口诀:
基变序,有规律,结尾加上th;
一二三,特殊记,结尾字母t,d,d;
八去t,九去e,f来把ve替;
ty将y变ie,后加th别忘记;
要是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
3.基数词与序数词的用法
(1)表示数量(用基数词)。如:I have six pencils.我有六支铅笔。
(2)表示时刻(用基数词)
表达法 |
示例 |
|
时在前,分在后 |
7:45 seven forty-five |
|
分在前, 时在后 |
在30分钟(含30分钟)以内时,用“分钟数+past+时数”表示 |
8:20 twenty past eight 10:15 fifteen past ten 12:30 half past twelve |
超过30分钟时,用“分钟数+to+下一时数”表示 |
6:47 thirteen to seven 9:56 four to ten 11:40 twenty to twelve |
|
几刻钟 |
二刻钟two quarters 九点一刻a quarter past nine |
(3)表示年龄(用基数词)
表达法 |
示例 |
①基数词(+years old),基数词>1时,year用复数 |
He’s four(years old).他四岁了。 |
②基数词yearold,常作定语,year用单数 |
She’s an eightyearold girl.她是一个八岁的女孩。 |
③“at the age of+基数词”表示“在……岁时” |
at the age of ten在十岁时 |
④“in one’s+整十的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时” |
in his forties在他四十多岁时 |
表示编号
表达法 |
示例 |
①名词+基数词(首字母大写) ②the+序数词+名词(首字母不大写) |
第一课Lesson One=the first lesson 第九页Page Nine=the ninth page 九年级三班Class Three,Grade Nine 207房间Room 207 |
(5)表示日期(年、月、日)、年代及世纪
年用基数词,日用序数词,读时前面加定冠词the。年份可整体读,也可以先读前两位数,再读后两位数。
内容 |
表达法 |
示例 |
月,日, 年 |
月+the+序数词,年 |
1998年6月3日 June the third,nineteen ninetyeight |
日,月, 年 |
the+序数词+of+月,年 |
2009年8月25 日 the twentyfifth of August,two thousand and nine |
年代 |
“in the+年份的复数形式”表示“在几世纪几十年代” |
在20年纪40年代 in the 1940s/1940’s/nineteen forties |
世纪 |
“the+序数词+century”或“the+百位进数+’s”
|
在21世纪in the twentyfirst/21st century in the 1900’s在20世纪 |
(6)表示分数、倍数
分数 |
分子用基数词,分母用序数词 |
|
分子为1时,分母用单数 |
分子>1时,分母加s |
|
1/5 one fifth 注意:1/2通常用a/one half 1/4通常用a/one quarter |
2/3two thirds 5/6 five sixths 4/7 four sevenths |
|
倍数 |
twice表示两倍,两倍以上用基数词+times表示,如:five times五倍 |
注意:
(1)序数词前面通常要加定冠词the,若序数词前有my,his等限定词修饰时,则不加the。如:My parents are in the second photo.我父母在第二张照片里。
(2)序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“又一;再一”。如:You’ve tried two times.Why not try a third time? 你已经试了两次。为何不再试一次呢?
(3)“基数词+more+复数名词”表示“又;再”,通常可与“another+基数词+复数名词”的结构互换使用。如:Lucy gave me two more apples.
=Lucy gave me another two apples.
露西又给了我两个苹果。
【考点训练1】
1.Helen loves reading.She has read ____ (five) books this month.
2.Sunday is the ______ (one) day of a week.
3.Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her _____________ (seventeen) birthday.
4.You’d better take this medicine ______ (two) a day.
5.Boys and girls,please turn to Page ___ and look at the ___ picture. ( )
A.Sixth;six B.Six;six
C.Six;sixth D.Sixth;sixth
答案:five first seventeenth twice C
概数词
1.表示确切的数字(具体数字+概数词+复数名词)hundred,thousand,million等词与具体数字(如one,two)连用时,要用单数形式(其后不加s),一般不与of连用。如:
three hundred students三百名学生
2.表示不确切的数字(概数词加s+of+复数名词)hundred,thousand,million等词与of连用时,要用复数形式(其后加s),此时前面不能再加数字。如:thousands of people成千上万的人
【考点训练2】
1.There are about five ________ (thousand) students in our school.
2. _______(million) of people in the world are sending and receiving emails every day.
3.It is reported that people throw ___ plastic bags along this street every week. ( )
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of
答案:thousand Millions D
【考题热身】
1.The ____________________(thirteen) Games of China will be held in Tianjin from August 27 to September 8.
2.My school is going to have an open day on the ______(ten) of next month.
3.Yancheng has the ________(two) largest population of more than 8 million in Jiangsu Province.
4.Jim’s aunt bought him a new model ship on his ________(seven) birthday.
5.The boy got the ______(one) place in the singing competition.
6.—How old is your daughter?
— _____ .We had a special party for her ___ birthday yesterday.( )
A.Nine;nine B.Nine;ninth
C.Ninth;ninth D.Ninth;nine
7.Two ____ students in our school are from the countryside. ( )
A.hundred of B.hundreds of
C.hundred D.hundreds
8.—“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently.
—Yeah,it receives ___ Internet hits a day. ( )
A.thousands B.thousands of
C.thousand D.hundreds
9.There are twelve boys and thirteen girls in Class Four,which means ___ students in total.
( )
A.33 B.25 C.13 D.12
10.___ of the land in that town ___ covered with trees and grass. ( )
A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are
C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are
答案:1.Thirteenth/thirteenth/13th 2.tenth 3.second 4.seventh 5.first 6.B 7.C8.B 9.B10.C
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