固定搭配中的定冠词
知 识 清 单
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词 (the)
考点一 不定代词
知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
1.不定冠词a,an的基本用法
词前
用法 |
示例 |
在叙述时用于第一次提到的人或物前 |
This is a book |
指人或事物的某一类别,以区别 于其他种类 |
A plane is a machine that can fly. |
泛指某人或某物 |
A young man is waiting for you. |
用在某些物质名词或抽象名词 前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一 场”等 |
There' ll be a strong wind in South China.
|
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 |
a knife and fork |
“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一” |
The cake is delicious and I would like a second one. |
用于表明比率、速度、价格等,有 “每一”的意思,相当于every |
five lessons a week
|
2. 不定冠词a,an的区别
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前 |
a teacher,a good student |
an用在以元音音素开头的单 词前 |
an apple tree,an interesting story |
注意:
①判断一个词前是用a还是an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。
②在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。
③要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/^/
音时,单词前面用an,如 an umbrella,an unhappy boy,当“u”发/ju:/音时,单词前用a,如a university,a useful tool。
3.含有a的常见固定词组
a few/little/bit一点儿,have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest游泳/散步/谈话/看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息,have a cold感冒,have a good time玩得高兴,in a hurry匆忙,for a while一会儿,keep a diary记日记,do sb.a favor 帮助某人
题组训练 单项选择
①Last Sunday, my parents took me to the zoo. In the zoo we saw____ elephant. ______elephant was from Africa.
A.a;The B.the;An
C.an;The D.the;A
2__________ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A.A B.An C.The
3-Excuse me, John. What's that in English?
-It's _________eraser.
A a B.an
C.the D./
4 We can have_____________ bluer sky if we create less polluted world.
A.a;a
B.a;the
C.the;a
D.the;the
点津
不定冠词a,an通常表示“一个,一种……”,般泛指任意一个。在大多数情况下,我们通过准确翻译句意来确定是泛指还是特指,从而作出准确判断。第一题第一空所在句就可以翻译为“在动物园我们看见一头大象”,第二题翻译为“每天一个苹果……”,第三题翻译为“……这是一块儿橡皮”,第四题翻译为“我们会有一个更蓝的天空……”,以上四个题可以说明翻译为“一”时,就使用不定冠词a/an。
考点二 定冠词与零冠词
一、定冠词的用法
1.定冠词the的基本用法
用法 |
示例 |
用于双方都知道的人或事物前 |
Give me the book,please. |
特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物 |
Do you know the girl The moon moves around |
表示世界上独一无二的事物 |
the earth. |
用在序数词、形容词最高级前面以及对两个人或事物进行比较 时起特指作用的比较级前 |
The first lesson is very easy He is the younger of the two boys. |
用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩 |
The Greens are watching TV now. |
用在单数可数名词前表一类人或事物 |
The orange is orange. |
与某些形容词连用表一类人 |
We should help the old . |
用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙 漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词 构成的专有名词之前 |
The Summer Palace The Great Wall, |
用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前 |
I like playing the piano. |
记忆口诀:特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独无二,数最高级,普通专有名,习语及乐器。
2.用于某些固定短语中
①“in+the+年份的复数”表示在某年代
in the 1870s在19世纪70年代
2“hit+人+介词+the+部位”表示“打某人某部位”
hit him on the head 打他的头
③其他固定短语
in the morning/ afternoon/evening 在早晨/下午/晚上;
in the daytime在白天
in the end最后;
all the time一直;
at the same time同时;
by the way顺便说一下;
in the open air在户外;
at the age of在……岁时;
at the beginning of在……开始时;
on the other side of在……的另一边;
in the middle of在……中间;
at the moment现在
二、零冠词的用法
1.在一般的物质名词、抽象名词或复数名词表示“笼统概念”时,一般不用定冠词;容易用错的这类零冠词名词有:
fun,music,nature,poverty,progress,society,weather;
有些名词不能与a(an)一起使用,但在特指时可以根据情况与the一起使用。这类名词有:
advice,beauty, experience,homework,housework,work,information,new,practice,room(空间),research。
例如:He is fond of music.(一般)他喜欢音乐。
Do you like the music of the film?(特指)你喜欢这部电影的音乐吗?
3. 学科、球类运动、棋类、或游戏名词前不用冠词。
例如:play football/basketball/tennis/chess/bridge..
Are you going to play basketball or football?
你们是打篮球还是踢足球?
3.季节、月份、星期几、节日前一般不加冠词,但季节、月份等词前后,如有限制性定语修饰表示特定时间,其前加定冠词;如:
Trees turn green in spring.春天树变绿了。
We often go skating in the winter.
我们经常在冬季滑冰。(说话人把季节看成一年的某一部分。)
New year's Day 新年;
National Day 国庆节;
May Day 五一节
We had a terrible hot summer this year.
今年我们过了一个炎热的夏天。(季节名词前有描绘性形容词修饰时,也可加不定冠词。)
4.一日三餐前,一般不加冠词。但如其前后有形容词或从句、短语等修饰时,应加冠词。如:
We had a good dinner at Mr.Zhangs yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我们在张先生家吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
How did you like the dinner Mr..Jack gave us?你认为杰克先生给我们吃的晚餐怎么样?
5.可数名词前已有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格及a kind of, a sort of, a type of, a piece of等修饰时不用冠词。
Give me that pencil, please.请给我那支铅笔。
This is my book.这是我的书。
I can never get used to this kind of life.我永远习惯不了这种生活。
6 ,名词作句中的表语、同位语或补足语时,表示独一无二的头衔、职位、职业等不用冠词。例如:
1860, Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States.
1860年亚伯拉罕林肯当选为美国总统。
We all elect Engineer Wang director of our factory.
我们都选王工程师为我们工厂的厂长。
He is head of the English Department.
他是英语系主任。
7.描述交通方式时,不用冠词。如:by train(air, bus, boat, sea, bike)
例如:
My house is about twenty minutes by bike.
骑自行车到我家大概得20分钟。
I'm going to Guangzhou by plane.
我将乘飞机去广州。
8. 在部分习语中
day and night日日夜夜;
face to face面对面;
side by side肩并肩
;step by step一步一步地;
watch TV看电视;
at school/work/home在学校/在工作/在家;
at first/last首先/最后;
in trouble在困境中;
in danger在危险中;
on foot步行;
on duty/watch值日/值班;
on time准时;
in time及时;
in bed 卧病在床;
go to school/work去上学/去工作;
by bus/plane/ship乘公共汽车/飞机/轮船;
at noon/night/dawn在中午/晚上/黎明
catch fire,
give way,
take place,
lose heat,
at home,
by chance,
in/on time,
catch sight of,
make use of,
take part in,
catch hold of,
on foot.
考点三、 专有名词前冠词的用法
专有名词本身已具有确定特指的含义,所以一般它前面不用冠词。但是,有些专有名词本身是由普通名词构成,或本身就是个带定冠词的名词词组。冠词与专有名词的搭配可分为三种情况:不用冠词、用定冠词、用不定冠词。
1、人名前冠词的用法。
1)人名前一般不用冠词。例如:
Engels恩格斯Karl Marx卡尔·马克思,Mao Zedong毛泽东,Tom汤姆,Alice爱丽斯
2)在有一限制性定语修饰的人名前,一般要用定冠词。例如:
The girl must be the Miss Green you have referred to in your letter.这姑娘肯定是你信中所提到的格林小姐。
3)若表示与某个专有名词相仿的某人,则用不定冠词。这种情况也适用于与某地、某事相仿的情况。例如:
The little boy was moved deeply at the story of Laining and wished to be a Laining .这小男孩深深被赖宁的事迹打动,他希望成为赖宁式人物。
Old China is gone, a new China has been founded.旧中国一去不复返了,一个新中国诞生了。
4)若表示有一位姓某某的先生,而该人对于说话者又是陌生的,在该姓氏名词前也可用不定冠词。例如:
Peter, a Mr. Brown is asking for you.彼得,一位布朗先生找你。
A Miss Zhao had called you in the morning, Mum.妈妈,一位赵小姐早上给你打电话。
5)在姓氏复数名词前,表示夫妇或一家人时, 要用冠词。例如:
The Whites live in a small town near New York怀特一家住在纽约附近的一个小镇上。.
2、地名前冠词的用法
1)一般的地理名称前不加冠词。例如:
China中国, Asia亚洲, Shanghai上海, Hong Kong香港, New York.纽约
但是若在普通名词构成的国名前,则要加定冠词。例如:
the People's Republic of China, 中华人民共和国,the United States of American美利坚和众国 the United Kingdom联合王国
2)江、河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海湾、海峡等名称前,一般要加定冠词。例如:
the Yellow River黄河, the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河,the Alps阿尔卑斯山, the Tianshan Mountains天山 The English Channel英吉利海峡,the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡
3)街名、广场名词前一般不加冠词 。例如:
Wall Street 华尔街,Nanjing Road 南京路,Tian An Men Square天安门广场, Chang'an Street.长安街
3、月份、星期名称前一般不加冠词。例如:
Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teachers Day.今天是星期四,九月十日,教师节。
若这些名词前有一个限制性定语修饰时则,应加定冠词。例如:
The October of 1949 saw the great thing happen in China.1949年10月在中国发生了巨大的事件。
同时,若表示是在许多星期中的“某一个”时,这个名词前加不定冠词。例如:
I do not remember the exact date when I came to Beijing, but I am sure it was a Monday.我不记得来到北京的确切日子,但我确定是一个星期一。
4、节日、假日等名称前,一般不加冠词。例如:
New Year's Day 新年,National Day 国庆节,May Day 五一节,Children's Day儿童节
5、在朝代、时代及报刊、会议等名词前,加定冠词。例如:
the Tang Dynasty清朝, the Warring States Period 战国时期,the People's Daily人民日报 ,the 27the Olympic Games.第二十七届奥运会
6、某些建筑物、旅馆、文娱场所以及飞机号、船舶号等名词前,常带定冠词。例如:
the Summer Palace 颐和园,the Beijing Zoo北京动物园, the Titanic泰坦尼克号
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
1. _______ milk is food. ________ milk in this cup has gone bad.
2. ---Do you like playing _________ football?
---Yes. But I have only _________ basketball.
3. Do you know _______girl on ________another side of ________ lake?
4. There’s ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________work “use”.
5. She says ________animals cant’s live without __________air, either.
6. His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.
7. Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?
8. ________ cold wind was blowing from the north.
9. He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.
10. ________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.
11. Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.
12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night. ________ film was about _________ kind doctor.
13. You can have _________ second try if you fail _______ first time.
14. Tom went to _________ school as usual, but he didn’t know his father went to ________school for a parent meeting.
15. ________ knowledge begins with _________ practice.
【答案与解析】1./, the (milk 是物质名词,一般不用冠词, 但后面加上一个定语in the cup 后,使其成为特指,所以需要用定冠词the.)
2. / , the (球类运动前不用the ; 指一个物体要用不定冠词a )
3. the,/, the ( 特指这个女孩用the;名词前已有定语another;)
4. a, an, the (“u” 发音以辅音开头所以用a;“s” 发音以元音开头所以用an; 特指这个单词用the)
5. /,/ (泛指动物所以不用任何冠词; air 不可数名词,其前一般不用冠词)
6. an, the ( honest 发音以元音开头,故用an, 在大学里为in the university)
7. an, a 或the ,the ( 不定冠词a , an 和 定冠词the与名词单数连用表示种类)
8. a (物质名词coffee, food, tea, fog, rain, snow, wind等,在表示 “一种”或 “一场”的意义时,前面要加不定冠词。
9. the, the ( 形容词前加定冠词,表示一类人)
10. The ,/ ( 姓氏的复数前加定冠词the 表示一家人;在华南是in South China)
11. /, the, the ( most当大多数讲时前面不用the;后两空均为形容词的最高级,前面要加the)
12. a, the, a ( 第一空和第三空都指一个事物,第二空是特指前面提到的电影)
13. a, the (a second try 指的是第二次)
14./, the (go to school 去上学, go to the school 去那所学校)
15./,/ (具有单纯意义的物质名词或抽象名词前,一般不用冠词)
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
一、在空白处填入a / an 或the。
1. ---Mum, what shall we have for _______dinner?
---Dumplings.
---Oh, what _______ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much.
2. _________ PLA was founded on __________August 1st,1927
3. _______ Kings came to us at _________ noon.
4. The scientists from ________ United States live in __________ Ninth Street.
5. The doctor to him, “Take ________ medicine twice ________day. Stay in _________ bed and you’ll be better soon.”
6. September 10th is ____________ Teachers’ Day.
7. Mr Black arrived here on __________ Tuesday morning.
8. There are four seasons in _______year. ________ first season is spring. It is __________ best one of __________ four.
9. Some people have been to _________moon, in _______ spaceship.
10. _______ China is _________ old country with _________ long history
答案
1. /, a 2. the, / 3.the , / 4. the, the 5. the, a, / 6. / 7. / 8. a, the ,the , the 9.the, / 10../,an,/ a
二、选择填空: A. / B. a C. an D. the
1. They are living ______happy life now.
2. ______bag on ______desk is mine.
3. There is ______empty box on the table.
4. Do you like ______music of the film “Titanic”?
5. On ______Saturday, I stay in ______bed till 12:00.
6. ______Browns have been to China twice.
7. Don’t make any noise in ______class.
8. This is such ______interesting story that you must listen to it.
9. Next week they will go to Australia by ______air.
10. Which is bigger, ______sun or ______moon?
Key: 1----5 BDCDA 6----10 DACAD
三、在空白处填入a / an或the。
1. This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine. _______ newspaper is in my bag but I don’t know where I put ______ magazine.
2. I saw ______ accident this morning. ______ car crashed into ______ tree. ______ driver of ______ car wasn’t hurt but ______ car was badly damaged.
3. There are two cars parked outside: ______ blue one and _______ grey one. _______ blue one is my neighbour’s; I don’t know who ______ owner of _______ grey one is.
4. My friends live in _______ old house in _______ small village. There is _______ beautiful garden behind _______ house. I would like to have ______ garden like that.
1.a ,a, The the 2.an, a, a, The ,the, the 3. A, a, the the, the 4. an, a, a, the, a
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