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2018年英语中考归纳复习专题:数词

2018年英语中考归纳复习专题:数词

数词

表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词两类,基数词表示数目的多少,序数词表示顺序。

                    基数词与序数词

  1. 基数词的构成

数字

基数词形式

示例

0~12

独立词

zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve

13~19

个位数+teen(13,15,18稍特殊)

thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen

20~90

(整十)

个位数+ty(20,30,40,50,80稍有变化)

twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety

21~99

(非整十)整十位数+“”+个位数

twentyone 21fiftyfive 55

101~999

(非整百)

百位数与十位数或个位数之间用and连接。

five hundred and nine 509two hundred and thirtyfive 235

几百、

几千等

hundred,thousand等词前加基数词。

one hundredtwo thousand

 

 

  1. 序数词的构成

数字

序数词变化规则

示例

1~3

特殊变化

firstsecond,third

4~19

对应的基数词+th(5,8,9,12稍不同)

fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighthninth,tenth,eleventh,

twelfth,thirteenth,fourteenth,

fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth,

eighteenth,nineteenth

20~90

(整十)

将对应的基数词变tytie,再加-th

twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth

21~99,

101~999

(整十、整

百除外)

只将个位数变为序数词

twentyfirst,thirtyfifthone hundred and twentyninth

整百、

整千等

hundredthousand等词词尾加-th

two hundredth,one thousandth

 

注意:序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成。

如:first-1st   sixth-6th          

    巧记口诀:  

            基变序,有规律,结尾加上th;

             一二三,特殊记,结尾字母t,d,d;

             八去t,九去ef来把ve;

           tyyie,后加th别忘记;

             要是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。

3.基数词与序数词的用法

(1)表示数量(用基数词)。如:I have six pencils.我有六支铅笔。

(2)表示时刻(用基数词)

表达法

示例

时在前,分在后

7:45 seven forty-five

分在前,

时在后

30分钟(含30分钟)以内时,用分钟数+past+时数表示

8:20 twenty past eight

10:15 fifteen past ten

12:30 half past twelve

超过30分钟时,用分钟数+to+下一时数表示

6:47 thirteen to seven

9:56 four to ten

11:40 twenty to twelve

几刻钟

二刻钟two quarters

九点一刻a quarter past nine

(3)表示年龄(用基数词)

表达法

示例

基数词(+years old),基数词>1时,year用复数

He’s fouryears old).他四岁了。

基数词yearold,常作定语,year用单数

She’s an eightyearold girl.她是一个八岁的女孩。

③“at the age of+基数词表示……岁时

at the age of ten在十岁时

④“in one’s+整十的复数形式表示在某人几十多岁时

in his forties在他四十多岁时

  1. 表示编号

表达法

示例

名词+基数词(首字母大写)

②the+序数词+名词(首字母不大写)

第一课Lesson One=the first lesson

第九页Page Nine=the ninth page

九年级三班Class Three,Grade Nine

207房间Room 207

(5)表示日期(年、月、日)、年代及世纪

年用基数词,日用序数词,读时前面加定冠词the。年份可整体读,也可以先读前两位数,再读后两位数。

内容

表达法

示例

,,

+the+序数词,

199863

June the thirdnineteen ninetyeight

,,

the+序数词+of+,

2009825 

the twentyfifth of Augusttwo thousand and nine

年代

“in the+年份的复数形式表示在几世纪几十年代

20年纪40年代 in the 1940s/1940’s/nineteen forties

世纪

“the+序数词+century”“the+百位进数+’s”

 

21世纪in the twentyfirst/21st century

in the 1900’s20世纪

6表示分数、倍数

分数

分子用基数词,分母用序数词

分子为1,分母用单数

分子>1,分母加s

         1/5 one fifth

注意:1/2通常用a/one half

         1/4通常用a/one quarter

2/3two thirds

5/6 five sixths

4/7 four sevenths

倍数

twice表示两倍,两倍以上用基数词+times表示,如:five times五倍

注意:

(1)序数词前面通常要加定冠词the,若序数词前有myhis等限定词修饰时,则不加the。如:My parents are in the second photo.我父母在第二张照片里。

(2)序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“又一;再一”。如:Youve tried two times.Why not try a third time? 你已经试了两次。为何不再试一次呢?

(3)“基数词+more+复数名词”表示“又;再”,通常可与“another+基数词+复数名词”的结构互换使用。如:Lucy gave me two more apples.

=Lucy gave me another two apples.

露西又给了我两个苹果。

【考点训练1

1.Helen loves reading.She has read ____ (five) books this month.

2.Sunday is the ______ (one) day of a week.

3.Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her _____________ (seventeen) birthday.

4.Youd better take this medicine ______ (two) a day.

5.Boys and girlsplease turn to Page ___ and look at the ___ picture. (    )

A.Sixth;six                                  B.Six;six

C.Six;sixth                                  D.Sixth;sixth

答案:five   first  seventeenth  twice   C

 

 

概数词

1.表示确切的数字(具体数字+概数词+复数名词)hundredthousandmillion等词与具体数字(如onetwo)连用时,要用单数形式(其后不加s),一般不与of连用。如:

three hundred students三百名学生

2.表示不确切的数字(概数词加s+of+复数名词)hundredthousandmillion等词与of连用时,要用复数形式(其后加s),此时前面不能再加数字。如:thousands of people成千上万的人

【考点训练2

1.There are about five ________ (thousand) students in our school.

2. _______million) of people in the world are sending and receiving emails every day.

3.It is reported that people throw ___ plastic bags along this street every week. (    )

A.hundred   B.hundreds   C.hundred of   D.hundreds of

答案:thousand   Millions  D

【考题热身】

1.The ____________________thirteen) Games of China will be held in Tianjin from August 27 to September 8.

2.My school is going to have an open day on the ______ten) of next month.

3.Yancheng has the ________two) largest population of more than 8 million in Jiangsu Province.

4.Jims aunt bought him a new model ship on his  ________seven) birthday.

5.The boy got the ______one) place in the singing competition.

6.How old is your daughter?

_____ .We had a special party for her ___ birthday yesterday.(      )

A.Nine;nine                               B.Nine;ninth

C.Ninth;ninth                             D.Ninth;nine

7.Two ____ students in our school are from the countryside. (     )

A.hundred of                      B.hundreds of

C.hundred                         D.hundreds

8.—“Food Safetyhas become one of the hottest topics recently.

Yeah,it receives ___ Internet hits a day. (    )

A.thousands                          B.thousands of

C.thousand                            D.hundreds

9.There are twelve boys and thirteen girls in Class Four,which means ___ students in total.

    

A.33                 B.25                   C.13                    D.12

10.___ of the land in that town ___ covered with trees and grass. (     )

A.Two fifth;is                          B.Two fifth;are

C.Two fifths;is                        D.Two fifths;are

答案:1.Thirteenth/thirteenth/13th 2.tenth 3.second 4.seventh 5.first 6.B 7.C8.B 9.B10.C


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