1. 体裁解读
议论文是针对某个问题或某个事件进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文三要素是论点、论据、论证。
议论点表明作者对某一方面的问题所持的主张、观点和态度。
论据是用来证明论点的根据。它包括事实论据和理论论据。事实论据即通常所说的“摆事实”，如客观存在的现实、发生的事件、确切的数字及案例等；而理论论据即通常所讲的“讲道理”，如原理、规则、法则、名人名言、经典著作等。
论证如同一条线，把需要的论据围绕着论点组织起来，贯穿在一起。
2. 写作攻略
初中生在写议论文时要首先考虑自己的观点是什么，明确观点后要围绕观点进行论证，最后再进行总结。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。初中议论文的写作格式一般为三段式：开头、主体和结尾。一般写作步骤如下：
第一步：确定主题，引出论点；
第二步：通过摆事实、讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起；
第三步：得出结论。要简明扼要、回扣全文。
写作模板
模板① 观点态度型（一）
Many students think that _____________, because _____________
But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. I think, _____________, so _____________（我的看法）. First of all, _____________（原因一）. Secondly, _____________（原因二）. Thirdly/Most important of all, _____________（原因三）.
All in all/In a word, I hold the opinion that _____________（总结观点）. And I hope _____________（提出愿望）.
【模板范文】
Many students think that they do not need to learn Engish, because they don't plan to go abroad.
But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. I think that English is very important to us, so we should learn English well. First of all, in the opening times, if you want to do business with foreigners, you must use English because most of them speak and write in English. Secondly, in the world today most books are written in English. If you know much English, you can read newspapers and magazines in English. Most important of all, you can learn something more widely.
All in all, I hold the opinion that we should learn English well. And I hope that all the students can use English freely.
模板② 观点态度型（二）
The topic of 主题 is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favourite. They hold their view for the reason of 理由一 . What’s more, 理由二 . Moreover, 理由三 . While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. First, 理由一 . Second(Besides), 理由二 . Third(Finally), 理由三 .
From my point of view, I think 我的观点 . The reason is that 原因 . As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former (later) is surely a wise choice.
模板③ 说明利弊型
Nowadays, _____________ like to _____________（社会现象）. About this different people have different opinions.
On the one hand, some people think _____________（优点一）. Moreover _____________（优点二）. But every coin has two sides. Firstly, _____________（缺点一）. Besides, _____________（缺点二）.
I think _____________（我的观点）.
【模板范文】
Nowadays, many students like to make friends online. About this different people have different opinions.
On the one hand, some people think it's interesting to talk with friends online. So you will never feel lonely when you are alone. If you are lucky enough to make a friend from English speaking country, you can improve your English greatly. Moreover, it's pretty cool to have several foreign friends. But every coin has two sides. Firstly, only a few people have made really good friends online. Many people are cheated by the ＂friends＂. Besides, it is terrible for students to spend much time making friends and talking online.
Some people say making friends online is making trouble. I think there is something in what they say.
模板④ 解决方法型
In recent days, we have to face a problem: that is _____________（问题）. For example, some _____________（例一）; some _____________（例二）; some _____________（例三）and still some _____________（例四）.
Faced with this, we should take a series of effective measures to deal with it. For one thing, we should _____________（解决方法一）. For another thing, we'd better _____________（解决方法二). Because, we should _____________（解决方法三）.
In my opinion, if _____________ , we will _____________.
【模板范文】
In recent days, we have to face a problem: that is many students have bad eating habits. For example, some go to school without breakfast; some like to eat snacks; some always like to eat the same food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these habits are bad for our health.
Faced with this, we should take a series of effective measures to deal with it. For one thing, we should eat all kinds of healthy foods, such as rice, fish, meat, vegetables and fruit. For another thing, we'd better have meals at the right time. Besides, we should not eat too much especially before we go to bed.
In my opinion, if we have god eating habits, we will have good health. And we can study beer.
1. 表示反对
oppose v. 反对 be against... 反对……
be opposed to反对，不赞成 object to... 反对，对……反感
disagree with不同意；不一致 on the contrary反之，正相反
2. 表示赞同
support v. 支持 stand by支持
in favour of 有利于；赞成，支持 agree v. 同意
3. 表示对比
on one hand/side 一方面
on the other hand/side 另一方面
4. 表示递进
further more 进一步 in addition此外
besides 除此之外
5. 表示顺序
last/finally adv. 最后 first of all 首先
what's more而且 the last point 最后一点
last but not least 最后但同样重要的是
6. 表示转折
yet adv. 然而 however adv. 可是，然而
in all 总的说来 in a word 简而言之
in short 总之
8. 其他
nowadays adv. 现在 discussion n. 讨论
argument n. 争论 as follows 如下
mental health 心理健康 establish v. 创建
limited adj. 有限的 reduce stress减压
in the opening times在开放时代
take a series of effective measures 采取一系列有效措施
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