专题01名词
考点一、名词的分类及用法
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名词意义: 表示人/事物或抽象概念的词。如: Shanghai, Lilei, desk |
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专有名词 |
普通名词 |
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国名 地名 人名 团体 机构名称 |
可数名词 |
不可数名词 |
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个体名词 |
集体名词 |
抽象名词 |
物质名词 |
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首字母大写 |
表单个的人或者事物 |
表一群人或一些事物的总称 |
表无法分为个体的物质 |
表抽象概念的词 |
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如: Jim, June, China, Harbin. |
teacher, apple… |
family,police… |
water, money… |
health, friendship… |
考点二、可数名词(个体名词和集体名词的单复数形式
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A.不规则变化 |
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常见的有: |
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice... |
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单复数同型: |
Chinese Japanese people sheep deer fish |
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(中日友好永不变) a Chinese—two Chinese; a Japanese— four Japanese (英法联盟a变e) an English—eight Englishmen; an Frenchman—nine Frenchmen (其他后面加s) a German—five Germans |
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B.规则变化 |
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情况 |
构成 |
例词 |
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一般的词 |
＋s |
day-days desk-desks |
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以s, sh, ch, x结尾 |
＋es |
match-matches boss-bosses |
*tomatoes, potatoes, heroes |
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以辅音＋y结尾 |
改y为i＋es |
baby-babies fly-flies |
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以f/fe结尾 |
改f为v＋es |
wife-wives leaf-leaves |
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考点三、不可数名词及其用法
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(1) 不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。 |
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(2) 要表示一定的数量时,常与a cup of, a piece of 等量词连用,如a cup of tea一杯茶; two bottles of water两瓶水 |
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(3) 只能修饰不可数名词的词有:a little(一点),little(几乎没有),much/a great deal of/a large amount of(许多) |
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work |
homework |
weather |
advice |
news |
progress |
information |
housework |
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fun |
weight |
knowledge |
English |
food |
drink |
orange |
rice |
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bread |
meat |
chicken |
pork |
beef |
...... |
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考点四、名词的所有格的构成及其用法。
名词的所有格：在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间 距离 国家 城市的名词,常在词尾加's表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。翻译成:"的"。如:Tom's bike (汤姆的单车)
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名词的所有格 |
例词 例句 |
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① 直接在词尾加's |
Kate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day |
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② 以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加' |
Teachers' Day, students' books |
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③ 表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's |
Lucy and Lily's mother (共同的妈妈) |
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④ 表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's |
Tom's and Jim's rooms (各自的房间) |
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⑤ 表某人的家 店铺 住宅 公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略: |
at the doctor's(在医务室); at Tom's (在汤姆的家) |
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⑥ 表示无生命名词的所有格,用of 表达 |
the door of the room, the color of the clothes |
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⑦ 双重所有格:用's所有格/ 与 of 所有格相结合。 |
A friend of my father's, a book of mine |
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注意:但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词,也可加's构成所有格 |
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今天的报纸 |
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today's newspaper |
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八天的假期 |
an 8-day holiday |
eight days' holiday |
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五分钟的步行路程 |
a five-minute walk |
five minutes' walk |
一、单项填空
1. Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of , you may disturb others.
A. voice B. noise C. sound D. singing
2. He bought .
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe
3. —Where is your seat?
—It’s between seats, in Row 6.
A. Jack and John B. Jack’s and John C. Jack’s and John’s D. Jack and John’s
4. He was born in Shanxi, but Shandong has become his second .
A. home B. family C. house D. place
5. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me .
A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges
C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges
6. All the teachers and students are having a meeting there.
A. women; girls B. women; girl C. woman; girls D. woman; girl
7. Could you please tell me some about Xi’an International Horticultural Expo(世界园艺博览会)?
A. information B. advice C. opinions D. ideas
8.They don’t have to do today.
A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks
9. —Could you please take a(n) for the head teacher?
—Sure, I’ll be glad to.
A. information B. message C. news D. sentence
10.The of most trees will fall in autumn.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leave
11.The little has two already.
A. baby; teeth B. baby; tooth C. babies; tooth D. babies; teeth
12.—Did you hear any strange when the earthquake happened?
—No, I was in my garden enjoying the beautiful of my birds at that time.
A.voice; noise B. noise;sound C. voice; sound D. sound; voice
13. Professor Wang gave us a very useful on how to prepare for the exam.
A. advice B. information C. experience D. suggestion
14. It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books,so it’s important to have real with languages, cultures and societies.
A. communication B. experience C. knowledge D. influence
15.—Oh, no! We have missed the train. What should we do?
—I’m afraid we have no but to wait for another one.
A. decision B. information C. reason D. choice
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.They successfully saved two (child) lives.
2.You should know the (different) between the two books.
3.We saw some (mouse)in the dirty old house.
4.Every year, （百万）of people donate money to the Hope Project．
5.How excellent your （pronounce） is! You must have a good teacher.
6.There are several (library)in the city.
7.There are six (Frenchman) talking loudly in the room.
8. (teacher) Day is on September 10th.
9.We hope that more （China）will win honour for our country.
10.More action must be taken to stop （pollute）．
三、词语运用
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
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neighbor people training skill fish chance difficulty learner money thing |
“Thanks for providing us with such a good training program. The 1 program will help us live well. I will study hard and learn different skills so that I can solve my family 2 and do good to others.” a learner on the job training program said, feeling excited.
The 3 father is disabled, and his mother is ill in bed. The family is very poor. So he has to find a job to make 4 . The learner graduated from high school and didn’t have the chance to go to the college. The job training program can help him to learn the 5 that he’ll need in the work place.
The story makes me think of another story. It goes like this: Long long ago, there was a man, he was able to catch a lot of 6 every day. He always shared his fish with his 7 because they didn’t know how to fish. One day, he called them together to show them how to fish. Everyone was happy as they could eat the fish they caught by themselves.
Now, there are still many poor 8 in the world. But it’s not good if we give only food to them. Instead, we should give them a 9 to learn new skills. Therefore, technical training is very important to people in need and they will learn the skills to make money. People can learn lots of useful 10 in the training program and what they learn can help them find jobs.
四、完形填空
Tom woke up on Monday morning. He felt sick. He always felt sick on Monday 1 . He had to go to school for a whole week! He almost wished there were no 2 . It was even more difficult for him to go back to school!
He lay in bed and wondered what 3 he could make this time. He looked at his body, but could find nothing wrong. A little headache? No. He had used that excuse many 4 . Then he realized that one of his 5 was loose(松动). Good! He was just going to start groaning(呻吟) when he thought that Aunt Polly would pull the tooth out. That would hurt! He looked for something else. Suddenly he remembered what the doctor had said about a certain problem with 6 . He pulled his right 7 out and looked at it. One of the toes was really hurting, Tom began to groan.
“What’s wrong with you?” Aunt Polly asked.
“My toe hurts.”
The old lady fell into a 8 , smelling a little. “Tom, you frightened me. Now shut up
at once and get out of bed.”
Tom felt like a 9 being caught. “Well, it seemed all right. It hurt so much that I forgot my tooth.”
“Tooth, eh? What’s wrong with your tooth?”
“One of them is loose and it hurts badly.”
“No 10 ,” answered Aunt Polly. “I can pull it out.”
“Please, Auntie! Don’t pull it out. It has stopped hurting now. Please!”
“No way! Well, you’ll have your tooth out and you’ll go to school?
1. A. Monday B. mornings C. afternoon D. evening
2. A. week-day B. week-days C. week-ends D. week-ends
3. A. way B. excuse C. idea D. thought
3. A. month B. Monday C. time D. week
5. A. teeth B. tooth C. foot D. feet
6. A. fingers B. feet C. hands D. toes
7. A. arm B. foot C. hand D. leg
8. A. school B. chair C. bed D. kitchen
9. A. student B. thieves C. thief D. patient
10. A. way B. problem C. question D. plan
【参考答案】
一、单项填空
1—5 BACAC 6—10 BAABC 11—15 ADDBD
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. children’s 2. differences 3. mice 4. millions 5. pronunciation
6. libraries 7. Frenchmen 8. Teachers’ 9. Chinese 10. polluting
三、词语运用
1. training 2. difficulties 3. learner’s 4. money 5. skills
6. fish 7. neighbors 8. people 9. chance 10.things
四、完形填空
1—5 BCBCA 6—10 DBBCB
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